calvaria

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kælˈvɛəɹi.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kælˈvɛɹi.ə/
• Rhymes: -ɛəɹi.ə

Etymology 1

From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calvarium, calavera, and calvary.

Noun

calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)

1. (anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap.

   Synonym: calvarium

   • 2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:

     CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.

Derived terms

• calvarial
• calvarian
• intracalvarial
• subcalvarial
• subcalvarian

Translations

the dome or roof of the skull

• German: Schädelkalotte f, Schädeldecke (de) f, Schädeldach (de) n
• Hungarian: koponyatető (hu), koponyaboltozat (hu), fejtető (hu)
• Romanian: calotă craniană (ro) f

Etymology 2

By the standard Latin plural inflection -a for Latin nouns ending in -um (second declension). The word calvarium was a New Latin coinage from earlier Latin calvaria, and English naturalized it and its plural form intact via unadapted borrowing, as well as allowing a regularized English plural, calvariums; it also did the same thing with calvaria, calvariae, calvarias (first declension), as well.

Noun

calvaria

1. plural of calvarium

Latin

Picture dictionary

calvaria

calvāria

cerebrum

oculus

labium

nāsus

ōs

mentum

māxilla

auris

tempus

collum

Click on labels in the image.

Etymology

From calvus (“bald”) +‎ -āria (noun-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kaɫˈwaː.ri.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kalˈvaː.ri.a]

Noun

calvāria f (genitive calvāriae); first declension

1. a skull

   Synonyms: calva, testa, crānium

2. (capitalized) Calvary

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	calvāria	calvāriae
genitive	calvāriae	calvāriārum
dative	calvāriae	calvāriīs
accusative	calvāriam	calvāriās
ablative	calvāriā	calvāriīs
vocative	calvāria	calvāriae

Derived terms

• calvāriola

Descendants

• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: calavera, canavera
  • Gascon: calavera
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: caaveira
    • Galician: caveira
    • Portuguese: caveira
  • Spanish: calavera
• Borrowings:
  • → English: calvaria
  • → Italian: calvaria
• Derived forms:
  • ⇒ Ecclesiastical Latin: calvārium
    • → Catalan: calvari
    • → English: Calvary
    • → Italian: calvario
    • → Occitan: calbari
    • → Old French: cauvaire
      • French: calvaire (partly relatinized)
      • Norman: calvet
    • → Spanish: calvario
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calvāriō, calvāriōnem
    • ⇒ Franco-Provençal: tsarvayrõ (“flat stone”), ϑarvẹrõ (toponym)

References

• “calvaria”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "calvaria", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “calvaria”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “calvaria”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 105