confirmo

See also: confirmó

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [kuɱˈfir.mu]
IPA^(key): (Balearic) [kuɱˈfir.mo]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [koɱˈfiɾ.mo]
IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [koɱˈfir.mo]

Verb

confirmo

first-person singular present indicative of confirmar

Galician

Verb

confirmo

first-person singular present indicative of confirmar

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mos

Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos

Proto-Italic *θermos

Proto-Italic *fermos

Latin firmus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin firmō

Latin cōnfirmō

From con- (“with, together”) + firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kõːˈfɪr.moː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [koɱˈfir.mo]

Verb

cōnfirmō (present infinitive cōnfirmāre, perfect active cōnfirmāvī, supine cōnfirmātum); first conjugation

to make firm, establish, re-establish, strengthen, fortify, mature, confirm
Synonyms: firmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, immunīo, fulciō, sistō

Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, effēminō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō
- 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.9:
  […] cōnfirmāstī tē ipsum iam esse exitūrum, […] .
  […] you confirmed that you yourself were now ready to depart, […] .
- c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.15.22:
  Dissipantur cōgitātiōnēs ubi nōn est cōnsilium: ubi vērō plūrēs sunt cōnsiliāriī, cōnfirmantur.
  Designs are brought to nothing where there is no counsel: but where there are many counsellors, they are established.
  (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
to encourage, animate, embolden; persuade
Synonym: firmō

Antonyms: deficiō, prōflīgō, dēfatīgō
(by extension) to demonstrate, corroborate, support, prove or confirm the truth of something; assert, affirm

Conjugation

Conjugation of cōnfirmō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	cōnfirmō	cōnfirmās		cōnfirmat	cōnfirmāmus	cōnfirmātis		cōnfirmant
	imperfect	cōnfirmābam	cōnfirmābās		cōnfirmābat	cōnfirmābāmus	cōnfirmābātis		cōnfirmābant
	future	cōnfirmābō	cōnfirmābis		cōnfirmābit	cōnfirmābimus	cōnfirmābitis		cōnfirmābunt
	perfect	cōnfirmāvī	cōnfirmāvistī, cōnfirmāstī¹		cōnfirmāvit, cōnfirmāt¹	cōnfirmāvimus, cōnfirmāmus¹	cōnfirmāvistis, cōnfirmāstis¹		cōnfirmāvērunt, cōnfirmārunt, cōnfirmāvēre¹
	pluperfect	cōnfirmāveram, cōnfirmāram¹	cōnfirmāverās, cōnfirmārās¹		cōnfirmāverat, cōnfirmārat¹	cōnfirmāverāmus, cōnfirmārāmus¹	cōnfirmāverātis, cōnfirmārātis¹		cōnfirmāverant, cōnfirmārant¹
	future perfect	cōnfirmāverō, cōnfirmārō¹	cōnfirmāveris, cōnfirmāris¹		cōnfirmāverit, cōnfirmārit¹	cōnfirmāverimus, cōnfirmārimus¹	cōnfirmāveritis, cōnfirmāritis¹		cōnfirmāverint, cōnfirmārint¹
passive	present	cōnfirmor	cōnfirmāris, cōnfirmāre		cōnfirmātur	cōnfirmāmur	cōnfirmāminī		cōnfirmantur
	imperfect	cōnfirmābar	cōnfirmābāris, cōnfirmābāre		cōnfirmābātur	cōnfirmābāmur	cōnfirmābāminī		cōnfirmābantur
	future	cōnfirmābor	cōnfirmāberis, cōnfirmābere		cōnfirmābitur	cōnfirmābimur	cōnfirmābiminī		cōnfirmābuntur
	perfect	cōnfirmātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfirmātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cōnfirmātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	cōnfirmem	cōnfirmēs		cōnfirmet	cōnfirmēmus	cōnfirmētis		cōnfirment
	imperfect	cōnfirmārem	cōnfirmārēs		cōnfirmāret	cōnfirmārēmus	cōnfirmārētis		cōnfirmārent
	perfect	cōnfirmāverim, cōnfirmārim¹	cōnfirmāverīs, cōnfirmārīs¹		cōnfirmāverit, cōnfirmārit¹	cōnfirmāverīmus, cōnfirmārīmus¹	cōnfirmāverītis, cōnfirmārītis¹		cōnfirmāverint, cōnfirmārint¹
	pluperfect	cōnfirmāvissem, cōnfirmāssem¹	cōnfirmāvissēs, cōnfirmāssēs¹		cōnfirmāvisset, cōnfirmāsset¹	cōnfirmāvissēmus, cōnfirmāssēmus¹	cōnfirmāvissētis, cōnfirmāssētis¹		cōnfirmāvissent, cōnfirmāssent¹
passive	present	cōnfirmer	cōnfirmēris, cōnfirmēre		cōnfirmētur	cōnfirmēmur	cōnfirmēminī		cōnfirmentur
	imperfect	cōnfirmārer	cōnfirmārēris, cōnfirmārēre		cōnfirmārētur	cōnfirmārēmur	cōnfirmārēminī		cōnfirmārentur
	perfect	cōnfirmātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfirmātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	cōnfirmā		—	—	cōnfirmāte		—
active	future	—	cōnfirmātō		cōnfirmātō	—	cōnfirmātōte		cōnfirmantō
passive	present	—	cōnfirmāre		—	—	cōnfirmāminī		—
passive	future	—	cōnfirmātor		cōnfirmātor	—	—		cōnfirmantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		cōnfirmāre		cōnfirmārī		cōnfirmāns		—
future		cōnfirmātūrum esse		cōnfirmātum īrī		cōnfirmātūrus		cōnfirmandus
perfect		cōnfirmāvisse, cōnfirmāsse¹		cōnfirmātum esse		—		cōnfirmātus
future perfect		—		cōnfirmātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		cōnfirmātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		cōnfirmandī	cōnfirmandō		cōnfirmandum	cōnfirmandō	cōnfirmātum		cōnfirmātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Catalan: confirmar
English: confirm
French: confirmer
Friulian: confermâ
Galician: confirmar
Italian: confermare
Lombard: confermà
Norman: confirmer (Jersey)
Occitan: confirmar
Piedmontese: confermé
Portuguese: confirmar
Romanian: confirma
Spanish: confirmar

References

“confirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“confirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“confirmo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to quote precedents for a thing: aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
- to prove a thing indisputably: argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)
- to strengthen, confirm a person's courage: animum alicuius confirmare
- to strengthen a person in his hopes: spem alicuius confirmare
- to weaken, destroy a man's credit: fidem alicuius imminuere, infirmare (opp. confirmare)
- to encourage, embolden the soldiery: animos militum confirmare (B. G. 5. 49)

Portuguese

Verb

confirmo

first-person singular present indicative of confirmar

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /konˈfiɾmo/ [kõɱˈfiɾ.mo]
Rhymes: -iɾmo
Syllabification: con‧fir‧mo

Verb

confirmo

first-person singular present indicative of confirmar