Jump to content

doceo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Indo-European *doḱ-éye-ti
Proto-Italic *dokejō
Proto-Italic *dokeō
Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō)sl.
Latin doceō

    From Proto-Italic *dokeō, from earlier *dokejō, causative of Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take”).[1] The sense "to teach," presumably continues an earlier causative meaning "to make perceive."[2] Also, the sense "rehearse, present on stage" is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō). The participle form has been explained as the result of syncopation from earlier *doketos,[3] though it has also been explained as the result of the affixation of -tus to the bare root doc-.[4]

    Cognate with Ancient Greek δοκέω (dokéō, “to expect, suppose, seem”) and Ancient Greek δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to accept, receive”).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    doceō (present infinitive docēre, perfect active docuī, supine doctum); second conjugation

    1. (ditransitive) to inform [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’]
      Synonyms: īnstruō, discō, ēdūcō, ērudiō, ēdoceō, imbuō, magistrō, fingō
      1. to teach or instruct
        Omnium scientiārum prīnceps, Salmantica docet. ― The University of Salamanca, first in all fields of knowledge, teaches.
      2. to show or demonstrate
      3. (drama) to direct actors
    2. (transitive, drama) to produce [with accusative ‘a play’]

    Conjugation

    [edit]
       Conjugation of doceō (second conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present doceō docēs docet docēmus docētis docent
    imperfect docēbam docēbās docēbat docēbāmus docēbātis docēbant
    future docēbō docēbis docēbit docēbimus docēbitis docēbunt
    perfect docuī docuistī docuit docuimus docuistis docuērunt,
    docuēre
    pluperfect docueram docuerās docuerat docuerāmus docuerātis docuerant
    future perfect docuerō docueris docuerit docuerimus docueritis docuerint
    passive present doceor docēris,
    docēre     		docētur docēmur docēminī docentur
    imperfect docēbar docēbāris,
    docēbāre     		docēbātur docēbāmur docēbāminī docēbantur
    future docēbor docēberis,
    docēbere     		docēbitur docēbimur docēbiminī docēbuntur
    perfect doctus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect doctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect doctus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present doceam doceās doceat doceāmus doceātis doceant
    imperfect docērem docērēs docēret docērēmus docērētis docērent
    perfect docuerim docuerīs docuerit docuerīmus docuerītis docuerint
    pluperfect docuissem docuissēs docuisset docuissēmus docuissētis docuissent
    passive present docear doceāris,
    doceāre     		doceātur doceāmur doceāminī doceantur
    imperfect docērer docērēris,
    docērēre     		docērētur docērēmur docērēminī docērentur
    perfect doctus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect doctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — docē — — docēte —
    future — docētō docētō — docētōte docentō
    passive present — docēre — — docēminī —
    future — docētor docētor — — docentor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present docēre docērī docēns —
    future doctūrum esse doctum īrī doctūrus docendus
    perfect docuisse doctum esse — doctus
    future perfect — doctum fore — —
    perfect potential doctūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    docendī docendō docendum docendō doctum doctū

    Derived terms

    [edit]
    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]
    • Old Occitan: dozer
    • Old French: duire, doire (homophone for duire 'lead' < dūcere)
      • French: duire (archaic or regional (Normandy))
    • → Ido: docar

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “doceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
    2. ^ Willi, Andreas (2018), Origins of the Greek Verb‎[1], Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 263
    3. ^ Vine, Brent (2017), “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), volume 2, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Italic, page 794
    4. ^ Leppänen, Ville (2019), Ablaut and the Latin Verb: Aspects of Morphophonological Change (PhD Dissertation)‎[2], Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, →DOI, pages 54-55

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • “doceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “doceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “doceo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • everyday experience tells us this: res ipsa, usus rerum (cotidie) docet
      • experience has taught me: usus me docuit
      • to teach children the rudiments: pueros elementa (prima) docere
      • the very facts of the case show this: res ipsa docet
      • to teach an art: artem tradere, docere
      • to teach some one to play a stringed instrument: docere aliquem fidibus
      • to study a piece, of the actor); to get a piece played, rehearse it: fabulam docere (διδάσκειν) (of the writer) (opp. fabulam discere
      • this fable teaches us (without nos): haec fabula docet
    • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “docere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3: D–F, page 111
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=doceo&oldid=92132826"