instruo

Esperanto

Etymology

From instrui +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

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• IPA^(key): [insˈtruo]
• Rhymes: -uo
• Hyphenation: ins‧tru‧o

Noun

instruo (accusative singular instruon, plural instruoj, accusative plural instruojn)

1. instruction

   Synonyms: instrukcio, instruado, komando

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *enstrowō. Equivalent to in- (“in, at, on”) +‎ struō (“pile up, arrange; construct”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈin.stru.oː/, [ˈĩːs̠t̪ruoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈin.stru.o/, [ˈinst̪ruo]

Verb

īnstruō (present infinitive īnstruere, perfect active īnstrūxī, supine īnstrūctum); third conjugation, limited passive

1. I build in or into, insert; erect, construct

   Synonyms: condo, fundo, constituo, statuo, figo

2. I arrange, organise or organize, plan; devise

   Synonyms: parō, compōnō

3. I prepare (for), provide (for), make ready, set up, furnish, provide, equip, fit out, procure

   Synonyms: exōrnō, adōrnō, ōrnō, praebeō, apparō, parō, accingō, suggerō, comparō, afferō

4. I provide with information, teach, inform, instruct

   Synonyms: doceō, discō, ēducō, ērudiō, ēdoceō, magistrō, imbuō, fingō

5. (military) I draw up (in battle formation), array, set in order, form
   • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 15:

     Romanus [...] dimicationi ultimae instructus intentusque Tiberim transit

     The Roman general intended and arrayed [his forces] for a decisive battle, crossed the Tiber

Conjugation

• The second-person singular perfect indicative active form īnstrūxistī sometimes occurs syncopated as īnstrūxtī.

Conjugation of īnstruō (third conjugation, only third-person forms in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	īnstruō	īnstruis	īnstruit	īnstruimus	īnstruitis	īnstruunt
	imperfect	īnstruēbam	īnstruēbās	īnstruēbat	īnstruēbāmus	īnstruēbātis	īnstruēbant
	future	īnstruam	īnstruēs	īnstruet	īnstruēmus	īnstruētis	īnstruent
	perfect	īnstrūxī	īnstrūxistī	īnstrūxit	īnstrūximus	īnstrūxistis	īnstrūxērunt, īnstrūxēre
	pluperfect	īnstrūxeram	īnstrūxerās	īnstrūxerat	īnstrūxerāmus	īnstrūxerātis	īnstrūxerant
	future perfect	īnstrūxerō	īnstrūxeris	īnstrūxerit	īnstrūxerimus	īnstrūxeritis	īnstrūxerint
passive	present	—	—	īnstruitur	—	—	īnstruuntur
	imperfect	—	—	īnstruēbātur	—	—	īnstruēbantur
	future	—	—	īnstruētur	—	—	īnstruentur
	perfect	—	—	īnstrūctus est	—	—	īnstrūctī sunt
	pluperfect	—	—	īnstrūctus erat	—	—	īnstrūctī erant
	future perfect	—	—	īnstrūctus erit	—	—	īnstrūctī erunt
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	īnstruam	īnstruās	īnstruat	īnstruāmus	īnstruātis	īnstruant
	imperfect	īnstruerem	īnstruerēs	īnstrueret	īnstruerēmus	īnstruerētis	īnstruerent
	perfect	īnstrūxerim	īnstrūxerīs	īnstrūxerit	īnstrūxerīmus	īnstrūxerītis	īnstrūxerint
	pluperfect	īnstrūxissem	īnstrūxissēs	īnstrūxisset	īnstrūxissēmus	īnstrūxissētis	īnstrūxissent
passive	present	—	—	īnstruātur	—	—	īnstruantur
	imperfect	—	—	īnstruerētur	—	—	īnstruerentur
	perfect	—	—	īnstrūctus sit	—	—	īnstrūctī sint
	pluperfect	—	—	īnstrūctus esset, īnstrūctus foret	—	—	īnstrūctī essent, īnstrūctī forent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	īnstrue	—	—	īnstruite	—
	future	—	īnstruitō	īnstruitō	—	īnstruitōte	īnstruuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		īnstruere	īnstrūxisse	īnstrūctūrum esse	īnstruī	īnstrūctum esse	īnstrūctum īrī
participles		īnstruēns	—	īnstrūctūrus	—	īnstrūctus	īnstruendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		īnstruendī	īnstruendō	īnstruendum	īnstruendō	īnstrūctum	īnstrūctū

Derived terms

• īnstrūctiō
• īnstrūctor
• īnstrūctus
• īnstrūctē
• īnstrūctūra
• īnstrūmentum

 

Related terms

• circumstruō
• construō
• dēstruō
• exstruō
• interstruō
• obstruō
• perstruō
• praestruō
• rēstruō
• struō
• substruō
• superstruō

 

Descendants

• Catalan: instruir
• English: instruct
• Esperanto: instrui
• Galician: instruír
• Italian: istruire
• Old French:
  • French: instruire
  • Norman: înstruithe (Jersey)
• Portuguese: instruir
• Romanian: instrui
• Sicilian: strujiri
• Spanish: instruir

References

• “instruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “instruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• instruo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
    
  • to prepare, give a feast, dinner: convivium instruere, apparare, ornare (magnifice, splendide)
    
  • to load the tables with the most exquisite viands: mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere (Tusc. 5. 21. 62)
    
  • to draw up forces in battle-order: aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere
    
  • to draw up the army in three lines: aciem triplicem instruere (B. G. 1. 24)
    
  • to equip a boat, a fleet: navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere
    

Portuguese

Verb

instruo

1. first-person singular present indicative of instruir