instruo

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

English instructbor.

French instruirebor.

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *ster-

Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *strew-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *stréweti

Proto-Italic *strowō

Latin struō

Latin instruo

Proto-Italic *-āzi

▲

Latin -ereinflu.

Latin -āre

Old French -ierbor.

Middle High German -ieren

German -ieren

German instruierenbor.

Italian istruirebor.

Esperanto instrui

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Italic *-os

Archaic Latin -os

Latin -um

Italian -oder.

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Italic *-om

Latin -um

Spanish -oder.

Ancient Greek -οι (-oi)der.

Esperanto -o

Esperanto instruo

From instrui + -o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /insˈtruo/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uo
• Syllabification: ins‧tru‧o

Noun

instruo (accusative singular instruon, plural instruoj, accusative plural instruojn)

1. instruction

   Synonyms: instrukcio, instruado, komando

Further reading

• “instruo”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “instruo”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *ster-

Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *strew-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *stréweti

Proto-Italic *strowō

Latin struō

Latin īnstruō

From in- (“in, at, on”) + struō (“pile up, arrange; construct”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈĩː.stru.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈin.stru.o]

Verb

īnstruō (present infinitive īnstruere, perfect active īnstrūxī, supine īnstrūctum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive

1. to build in or into, insert; erect, construct

   Synonyms: condo, fundo, constituo, statuo, figo

2. to arrange, organise or organize, plan; devise

   Synonyms: parō, compōnō

3. to prepare (for), provide (for), make ready, set up, furnish, provide, equip, fit out, procure

   Synonyms: exōrnō, adōrnō, ōrnō, praebeō, apparō, parō, accingō, suggerō, comparō, ministrō, afferō

   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior De Senectute 29:

     An nē tālēs quidem vīrēs senectūtī relinquēmus ut adulēscentēs doceat, īnstituat, ad omne officiī mūnus īnstruat?

     Or shall we not leave even such strength to old age that it may teach the young, train them, and equip them for every duty of their office?
     (Note the tricolon of verbs with related meanings — doceat, īnstituat, īnstruat — used to convey nuance and build rhetorical momentum. This example of īnstruat carries a figurative sense of “furnishing” young people with skills for success in civic life.)

4. to provide with information, teach, inform, instruct

   Synonyms: doceō, discō, ēducō, ērudiō, ēdoceō, magistrō, imbuō, fingō

5. (military) to draw up (in battle formation), array, set in order, form
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.15:

     Romanus [...] dimicationi ultimae instructus intentusque Tiberim transit

     The Roman general intended and arrayed [his forces] for a decisive battle, crossed the Tiber

Conjugation

• The second-person singular perfect indicative active form īnstrūxistī sometimes occurs syncopated as īnstrūxtī.

   Conjugation of īnstruō (third conjugation, third person-only in the passive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	īnstruō		īnstruis		īnstruit		īnstruimus		īnstruitis		īnstruunt
	imperfect	īnstruēbam		īnstruēbās		īnstruēbat		īnstruēbāmus		īnstruēbātis		īnstruēbant
	future	īnstruam		īnstruēs		īnstruet		īnstruēmus		īnstruētis		īnstruent
	perfect	īnstrūxī		īnstrūxistī		īnstrūxit		īnstrūximus		īnstrūxistis		īnstrūxērunt, īnstrūxēre
	pluperfect	īnstrūxeram		īnstrūxerās		īnstrūxerat		īnstrūxerāmus		īnstrūxerātis		īnstrūxerant
	future perfect	īnstrūxerō		īnstrūxeris		īnstrūxerit		īnstrūxerimus		īnstrūxeritis		īnstrūxerint
passive	present	—		—		īnstruitur		—		—		īnstruuntur
	imperfect	—		—		īnstruēbātur		—		—		īnstruēbantur
	future	—		—		īnstruētur		—		—		īnstruentur
	perfect	—		—		īnstrūctum est		—		—		īnstrūcta sunt
	pluperfect	—		—		īnstrūctum erat		—		—		īnstrūcta erant
	future perfect	—		—		īnstrūctum erit		—		—		īnstrūcta erint
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	īnstruam		īnstruās		īnstruat		īnstruāmus		īnstruātis		īnstruant
	imperfect	īnstruerem		īnstruerēs		īnstrueret		īnstruerēmus		īnstruerētis		īnstruerent
	perfect	īnstrūxerim		īnstrūxerīs		īnstrūxerit		īnstrūxerīmus		īnstrūxerītis		īnstrūxerint
	pluperfect	īnstrūxissem		īnstrūxissēs		īnstrūxisset		īnstrūxissēmus		īnstrūxissētis		īnstrūxissent
passive	present	—		—		īnstruātur		—		—		īnstruantur
	imperfect	—		—		īnstruerētur		—		—		īnstruerentur
	perfect	—		—		īnstrūctum sit		—		—		īnstrūcta sint
	pluperfect	—		—		īnstrūctum esset		—		—		īnstrūcta essent
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		īnstrue		—		—		īnstruite		—
	future	—		īnstruitō		īnstruitō		—		īnstruitōte		īnstruuntō
passive	future	—		—		īnstruitor		—		—		īnstruuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		īnstruere			īnstruī			īnstruēns			—
future		īnstrūctūrum esse			īnstrūctum īrī			īnstrūctūrus			īnstruendum
perfect		īnstrūxisse			īnstrūctum esse			—			īnstrūctum
future perfect		—			īnstrūctum fore			—			—
perfect potential		īnstrūctūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		īnstruendī		īnstruendō		īnstruendum		īnstruendō		īnstrūctum		īnstrūctū

Derived terms

• īnstrūctē
• īnstrūctiō
• īnstrūctor
• īnstrūctūra
• īnstrūctus
• īnstrūmentum

Related terms

• circumstruō
• construō
• dēstruō
• exstruō
• interstruō
• obstruō
• perstruō
• praestruō
• rēstruō
• struō
• substruō
• superstruō

Descendants

• → Catalan: instruir
• → Dutch: instrueren
• → English: instruct
• → Esperanto: instrui
• → Galician: instruír
• → German: instruieren
• → Italian: istruire, struire
• → Old French: enstruire, estruire
  • Middle French: instruire
    • French: instruire
      • → Romanian: instrui
  • Norman: înstruithe (Jersey)
• → Portuguese: instruir
• →? Sicilian: strujiri
• → Spanish: instruir

References

• “instruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “instruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “instruo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
    
  • to prepare, give a feast, dinner: convivium instruere, apparare, ornare (magnifice, splendide)
    
  • to load the tables with the most exquisite viands: mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere (Tusc. 5. 21. 62)
    
  • to draw up forces in battle-order: aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere
    
  • to draw up the army in three lines: aciem triplicem instruere (B. G. 1. 24)
    
  • to equip a boat, a fleet: navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere
    

Portuguese

Verb

instruo

1. first-person singular present indicative of instruir