exasperar

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin exasperāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [əɡ.zəs.pəˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eɡ.zas.peˈɾaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [eɡ.zas.peˈɾa]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

exasperar (first-person singular present exaspero, first-person singular preterite exasperí, past participle exasperat); root stress: (Northern) /e̞/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /e/

1. to exasperate

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of exasperar (first conjugation)

infinitive			exasperar
gerund			exasperant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exasperat		exasperada
		plural		exasperats		exasperades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exaspero	exasperes	exaspera	exasperem	exaspereu	exasperen
	imperfect	exasperava	exasperaves	exasperava	exasperàvem	exasperàveu	exasperaven
	future	exasperaré	exasperaràs	exasperarà	exasperarem	exasperareu	exasperaran
	preterite	exasperí	exasperares	exasperà	exasperàrem	exasperàreu	exasperaren
	conditional	exasperaria	exasperaries	exasperaria	exasperaríem	exasperaríeu	exasperarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	exasperi	exasperis	exasperi	exasperem	exaspereu	exasperin
	imperfect	exasperés	exasperessis	exasperés	exasperéssim	exasperéssiu	exasperessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	exaspera	exasperi	exasperem	exaspereu	exasperin
	negative (no)	—	no exasperis	no exasperi	no exasperem	no exaspereu	no exasperin

Derived terms

• exasperant

Related terms

• exasperació

Further reading

• “exasperar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “exasperar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “exasperar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “exasperar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Galician

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp-der.?

Latin asper

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin asperō

Latin exasperāre

Galician exasperar

From Latin exasperāre.

Verb

exasperar (first-person singular present exaspero, first-person singular preterite exasperei, past participle exasperado)

1. (transitive) to exasperate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exasperar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exasperar
Personal	exasperar	exasperares	exasperar	exasperarmos	exasperardes	exasperaren
Gerund
	exasperando
Past participle
Masculine	exasperado			exasperados
Feminine	exasperada			exasperadas
Indicative
Present	exaspero	exasperas	exaspera	exasperamos	exasperades	exasperan
Imperfect	exasperaba	exasperabas	exasperaba	exasperabamos	exasperabades	exasperaban
Preterite	exasperei	exasperaches	exasperou	exasperamos	exasperastes	exasperaron
Pluperfect	exasperara	exasperaras	exasperara	exasperaramos	exasperarades	exasperaran
Future	exasperarei	exasperarás	exasperará	exasperaremos	exasperaredes	exasperarán
Conditional	exasperaría	exasperarías	exasperaría	exasperariamos	exasperariades	exasperarían
Subjunctive
Present	exaspere	exasperes	exaspere	exasperemos	exasperedes	exasperen
Imperfect	exasperase	exasperases	exasperase	exasperásemos	exasperásedes	exasperasen
Future	exasperar	exasperares	exasperar	exasperarmos	exasperardes	exasperaren
Imperative
Affirmative		exaspera	exaspere	exasperemos	exasperade	exasperen
Negative (non)		non exasperes	non exaspere	non exasperemos	non exasperedes	non exasperen

Derived terms

• exasperante

Related terms

• exasperación

Further reading

• “exasperar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eksaspeˈrar/, /eɡzaspeˈrar/

Verb

exasperar (present tense exasperas, past tense exasperis, future tense exasperos, imperative exasperez, conditional exasperus)

1. (transitive) to exasperate

Conjugation

Conjugation of exasperar

		present		past		future
infinitive		exasperar		exasperir		exasperor
tense		exasperas		exasperis		exasperos
conditional		exasperus		—		—
imperative		exasperez		—		—
adjective active participle		exasperanta		exasperinta		exasperonta
adverbial active participle		exasperante		exasperinte		exasperonte
nominal active participle	singular	exasperanto		exasperinto		exasperonto
	plural	exasperanti		exasperinti		exasperonti
adjective passive participle		exasperata		exasperita		exasperota
adverbial passive participle		exasperate		exasperite		exasperote
nominal passive participle	singular	exasperato		exasperito		exasperoto
	plural	exasperati		exasperiti		exasperoti

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp-der.?

Latin asper

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin asperō

Latin exasperārelbor.

Portuguese exasperar

Learned borrowing from Latin exasperāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zas.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zas.peˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zas.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zas.peˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /e.zas.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /e.zaʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [e.zaʃ.peˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /e.zas.peˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɐʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɐʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɐʃ.pɨˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: e‧xas‧pe‧rar

Verb

exasperar (first-person singular present exaspero, first-person singular preterite exasperei, past participle exasperado)

1. to exasperate (frustrate, vex, annoy)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exasperar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exasperar
Personal	exasperar	exasperares	exasperar	exasperarmos	exasperardes	exasperarem
Gerund
	exasperando
Past participle
Masculine	exasperado			exasperados
Feminine	exasperada			exasperadas
Indicative
Present	exaspero	exasperas	exaspera	exasperamos	exasperais	exasperam
Imperfect	exasperava	exasperavas	exasperava	exasperávamos	exasperáveis	exasperavam
Preterite	exasperei	exasperaste	exasperou	exasperamos1, exasperámos2	exasperastes	exasperaram
Pluperfect	exasperara	exasperaras	exasperara	exasperáramos	exasperáreis	exasperaram
Future	exasperarei	exasperarás	exasperará	exasperaremos	exasperareis	exasperarão
Conditional	exasperaria	exasperarias	exasperaria	exasperaríamos	exasperaríeis	exasperariam
Subjunctive
Present	exaspere	exasperes	exaspere	exasperemos	exaspereis	exasperem
Imperfect	exasperasse	exasperasses	exasperasse	exasperássemos	exasperásseis	exasperassem
Future	exasperar	exasperares	exasperar	exasperarmos	exasperardes	exasperarem
Imperative
Affirmative		exaspera	exaspere	exasperemos	exasperai	exasperem
Negative (não)		não exasperes	não exaspere	não exasperemos	não exaspereis	não exasperem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• exasperante

Related terms

• exasperação

Further reading

• “exasperar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “exasperar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp-der.?

Latin asper

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin asperō

Latin exasperāre

Spanish exasperar

From Latin exasperāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡsaspeˈɾaɾ/ [eɣ̞.sas.peˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: e‧xas‧pe‧rar

Verb

exasperar (first-person singular present exaspero, first-person singular preterite exasperé, past participle exasperado)

1. to exasperate

   Synonym: enfurecer

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exasperar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			exasperar
gerund			exasperando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exasperado		exasperada
		plural		exasperados		exasperadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exaspero	exasperastú exasperásvos	exaspera	exasperamos	exasperáis	exasperan
	imperfect	exasperaba	exasperabas	exasperaba	exasperábamos	exasperabais	exasperaban
	preterite	exasperé	exasperaste	exasperó	exasperamos	exasperasteis	exasperaron
	future	exasperaré	exasperarás	exasperará	exasperaremos	exasperaréis	exasperarán
	conditional	exasperaría	exasperarías	exasperaría	exasperaríamos	exasperaríais	exasperarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	exaspere	exasperestú exasperésvos2	exaspere	exasperemos	exasperéis	exasperen
	imperfect (ra)	exasperara	exasperaras	exasperara	exasperáramos	exasperarais	exasperaran
	imperfect (se)	exasperase	exasperases	exasperase	exasperásemos	exasperaseis	exasperasen
	future1	exasperare	exasperares	exasperare	exasperáremos	exasperareis	exasperaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		exasperatú exasperávos	exaspere	exasperemos	exasperad	exasperen
	negative		no exasperes	no exaspere	no exasperemos	no exasperéis	no exasperen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of exasperar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive exasperar	dative	exasperarme	exasperarte	exasperarle, exasperarse	exasperarnos	exasperaros	exasperarles, exasperarse
	accusative	exasperarme	exasperarte	exasperarlo, exasperarla, exasperarse	exasperarnos	exasperaros	exasperarlos, exasperarlas, exasperarse
with gerund exasperando	dative	exasperándome	exasperándote	exasperándole, exasperándose	exasperándonos	exasperándoos	exasperándoles, exasperándose
	accusative	exasperándome	exasperándote	exasperándolo, exasperándola, exasperándose	exasperándonos	exasperándoos	exasperándolos, exasperándolas, exasperándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative exaspera	dative	exaspérame	exaspérate	exaspérale	exaspéranos	not used	exaspérales
	accusative	exaspérame	exaspérate	exaspéralo, exaspérala	exaspéranos	not used	exaspéralos, exaspéralas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative exasperá	dative	exasperame	exasperate	exasperale	exasperanos	not used	exasperales
	accusative	exasperame	exasperate	exasperalo, exasperala	exasperanos	not used	exasperalos, exasperalas
with formal second-person singular imperative exaspere	dative	exaspéreme	not used	exaspérele, exaspérese	exaspérenos	not used	exaspéreles
	accusative	exaspéreme	not used	exaspérelo, exaspérela, exaspérese	exaspérenos	not used	exaspérelos, exaspérelas
with first-person plural imperative exasperemos	dative	not used	exasperémoste	exasperémosle	exasperémonos	exasperémoos	exasperémosles
	accusative	not used	exasperémoste	exasperémoslo, exasperémosla	exasperémonos	exasperémoos	exasperémoslos, exasperémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative exasperad	dative	exasperadme	not used	exasperadle	exasperadnos	exasperaos	exasperadles
	accusative	exasperadme	not used	exasperadlo, exasperadla	exasperadnos	exasperaos	exasperadlos, exasperadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative exasperen	dative	exaspérenme	not used	exaspérenle	exaspérennos	not used	exaspérenles, exaspérense
	accusative	exaspérenme	not used	exaspérenlo, exaspérenla	exaspérennos	not used	exaspérenlos, exaspérenlas, exaspérense

Derived terms

• exasperante

Related terms

• exasperación

Further reading

• “exasperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025