fend

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɛnd/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛnd

Etymology 1

From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).

Verb

fend (third-person singular simple present fends, present participle fending, simple past and past participle fended)

1. (intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being.
   • 1990, Messrs Howley and Murphy, quoted in U.S. House Subcommittee on Labor Standards, Oversight hearing on the Federal Service Contract Act,^[1] U.S. Government Printing Office, page 40,

     Mr. Howley. They are telling him how much they will increase the reimbursement for the total labor cost. The contractor is left to fend as he can.

     Chairman Murphy. Obviously, he can’t fend for any more than the money he has coming in.

   • 2003, Scott Turow, Reversible Errors, page 376:

     The planet was full of creatures in need, who could not really fend, and the law was at its best when it ensured that they were treated with dignity.

2. (rare, except as "fend for oneself") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off).
   • 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.

   • 1999, Kuan-chung Lo, Guanzhong Luo, Luo Guanzhong, Moss Roberts, Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, page 39:

     He fends, he blocks, too skillful to be downed.

   • 2002, Jude Deveraux, A Knight in Shining Armor, page 187:

     “ […] My age is lot like yours. Lone women do not fare well. If I were not there to fend for you, you—”

Derived terms

• fend and prove
• fend away
• fender
• fend for oneself
• fend off
• forfend

Translations

to take care of or responsibility for oneself

• Bulgarian: грижа се (griža se)
• Dutch: zijn eigen boontjes doppen
• Estonian: tõrjuma
• Finnish: huolehtia itsestään, pitää huolta itsestään (fi), selviytyä (fi), pärjätä (fi)
• French: prendre soin de soi
• German: alleine auskommen, für sich selbst sorgen
• Spanish: valerse por sí mismo

to defend, block or push away

• Bulgarian: отклонявам (bg) (otklonjavam), парирам (bg) (pariram)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 挡住 (zh) (dǎngzhù)

• Finnish: torjua (fi), pitää puolta
• Maori: pārai, whakangungu, matatā

Noun

fend (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being.

Etymology 2

From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.

Noun

fend (plural fends)

1. (UK dialectal) An enemy; fiend; the Devil.

Anagrams

• Fed'n, def'n, defn

Albanian

Alternative forms

• fên — Gheg
• fënd, fënt — Tosk

Etymology

Whether fendë (“fart”) derives from fend or viceversa is unclear. Ultimate origin may be:

1. Possibly from a tentative root Proto-Indo-European *sp(ʰ)end- (“to twitch, wriggle”) whence also Ancient Greek σφαδάζω (sphadázō, “to shiver, tremble”), Sanskrit स्पन्द् (spand, “to quiver, shake”).
2. A connection with Venetan fiandrina (“fart”) is not enough substantiated.
3. Alternatively analysable as a back-formation from fënduk (“cowardly, timid”), which may be borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فندق (funduk, fındık, literally “hazelnut”), also attested dialectally meaning “arse; flirtatious woman”, compare Aromanian fãndãc, fãndec (“arse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfend/
• (Tosk) IPA^(key): [ˈfənt]
• Rhymes: -end

Verb

fend (aorist fenda, participle fendur) (intransitive)

1. to fart, break wind silently

   Synonym: pjerdh

2. (dialectal) to gossip

   Synonyms: gojos, llafos

Conjugation

Standard Albanian conjugation of fend (active voice)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		fendur
		gerund		duke fendur
		infinitive		për të fendur
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	fend	fend	fend	fendim	fendni	fendin
	imperfect	fendja	fendje	fendte	fendnim	fendnit	fendnin
	aorist	fenda	fende	fendi	fendëm	fendët	fendën
perfect	kam fendur	ke fendur	ka fendur	kemi fendur	keni fendur	kanë fendur
past perfect	kisha fendur	kishe fendur	kishte fendur	kishim fendur	kishit fendur	kishin fendur
aorist II	pata fendur	pate fendur	pati fendur	patëm fendur	patët fendur	patën fendur
future1	do të fend	do të fendësh	do të fendë	do të fendim	do të fendni	do të fendin
future perfect2	do të kem fendur	do të kesh fendur	do të ketë fendur	do të kemi fendur	do të keni fendur	do të kenë fendur
subjunctive	present	të fend	të fendësh	të fendë	të fendim	të fendni	të fendin
imperfect	të fendja	të fendje	të fendte	të fendnim	të fendnit	të fendnin
perfect	të kem fendur	të kesh fendur	të ketë fendur	të kemi fendur	të keni fendur	të kenë fendur
past perfect	të kisha fendur	të kishe fendur	të kishte fendur	të kishim fendur	të kishit fendur	të kishin fendur
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të fendja	do të fendje	do të fendte	do të fendnim	do të fendnit	do të fendnin
	past perfect	do të kisha fendur	do të kishe fendur	do të kishte fendur	do të kishim fendur	do të kishit fendur	do të kishin fendur
optative	present	fendsha	fendsh	fendtë	fendshim	fendshi	fendshin
perfect	paça fendur	paç fendur	pastë fendur	paçim fendur	paçit fendur	paçin fendur
admirative	present	fendkam	fendke	fendka	fendkemi	fendkeni	fendkan
	imperfect	fendkësha	fendkëshe	fendkësh	fendkëshim	fendkëshit	fendkëshin
perfect	paskam fendur	paske fendur	paska fendur	paskemi fendur	paskeni fendur	paskan fendur
past perfect	paskësha fendur	paskëshe fendur	paskësh fendur	paskëshim fendur	paskëshit fendur	paskëshin fendur
imperative	present	—	fend	—	—	fendni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Derived terms

• fendeshë
• fendë
• fëndosh
• fënduk

References

• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[2], 1980, page 460b
• Mann, S. E. (1948) “fënd”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 105a
• Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “φένd”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens, page 459
• Rossi, F. (1875) “fènd”, in Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 366b

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

Verb

fend

1. third-person singular present indicative of fendre

Hungarian

Etymology

fen +‎ -d

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɛnd]
• Hyphenation: fend

Verb

fend

1. second-person singular imperative present definite of fen

   Synonym: fenjed

Manx

Etymology

From English fend.

Verb

fend (verbal noun fendeil, past participle fendit)

1. to protect, defend

Mutation

Mutation of fend

radical	lenition	eclipsis
fend	end	vend

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• feend, feind, feond, feont, feynt, find, fiend, fond, fund, fynd, vend, veond, viend

Etymology

From Old English fēond, from Proto-West Germanic *fijand, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /føːnd/ (Early Middle English or Western)
• IPA^(key): /feːnd/, /fɛnd/

Noun

fend (plural fendes)

1. An enemy, foe or fiend.
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[3], published c. 1410, Matheu 4:24, page 1v, column 1, lines 18–23; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     and hıs fame .· wente in to al ſirie / ⁊ þei bꝛouȝten to hĩ alle þat weren at male eeſe · ⁊ þat weren take wiþ dyīiſe langoꝛes ⁊ turmentis / and hem þat haddẽ fendis · ⁊ lunatik men · ⁊ men in þe paleſie .· ⁊ he heelide hem /

     And his fame went into all Syria; and they brought to him all that were at mal-ease, and that were taken with diverse languors and torments, and them that had fiends, and lunatic men, and men in palsy, and he healed them.[4]

2. Satan, the Devil.
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[5], published c. 1410, Matheu 4:1, page 2r, column 2, lines 3–4; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     Thanne ıḣc was lad of a ſpirit in to deſert .· to be temptid of þe fend /

     Then Jesus was led of a Spirit into desert, to be tempted of the fiend.[6]

3. A demon, devil, or evil spirit, especially one that possesses people.
4. A monster.

Descendants

• English: fiend, fend
• Scots: fient
• Yola: feand

References

• “fẹ̄nd, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-01-10.