gild

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English gilden, gulden, from Old English gyldan (“to gild, to cover with a thin layer of gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɪld/

• Audio (RP)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪld
• Homophones: gilled, guild

Verb

gild (third-person singular simple present gilds, present participle gilding, simple past and past participle gilded or gilt)

1. (transitive) To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.
   • 1888 May, Oscar Wilde, “The Happy Prince”, in The Happy Prince and Other Tales, London: David Nutt, […], OCLC 595167, page 1:

     High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.

2. (transitive) To adorn.
   • 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act II, Scene vi^[1]:

     I will make fast the doors, and gild myself / With some more ducats, and be with you straight.

3. (transitive, cooking) To decorate with a golden surface appearance.
   • 2008, Ivan P. Day, Cooking in Europe, 1650-1850 (page 98)

     Gild the entire outside with beaten egg yolk, and sprinkle it with grated parmesan.

4. (transitive) To give a bright or pleasing aspect to.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 28:

     When sparkling stars twire not, thou gild'st the even.

5. (transitive) To make appear drunk.

Derived terms

• begild
• gilded age
• gilded cage
• gild the lily
• gild the pill

 

Translations

to cover with a thin layer of gold

• Arabic: ذَهَّبَ‎ (ar) (ḏahhaba)
• Breton: aourajiñ
• Bulgarian: позлатявам (bg) (pozlatjavam)
• Catalan: daurar (ca)
• Cornish: owra
• Czech: zlatit impf, pozlatit pf
• Danish: forgylde
• Dutch: vergulden (nl)
• Esperanto: orumi (eo)
• Finnish: kullata (fi)
• French: dorer (fr)
• Galician: dourar (gl)
• Georgian: მოოქროვება (mookroveba), მოვარაყება (movaraq̇eba)
• German: vergolden (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: χρυσόω (khrusóō)

• Hungarian: bearanyoz (hu)
• Ido: orizar (io)
• Interlingua: aurar

• Irish: óraigh
• Italian: indorare, dorare (it)
• Khmer: បិទមាស (km) (bətmiəh), ស្រោបមាស (sraopmiəh)
• Latin: aurō (la), deaurō, inaurō
• Manx: airhey
• Occitan: daurar
• Polish: pozłacać (pl)
• Portuguese: dourar (pt)
• Quechua: qurichiy
• Romanian: auri (ro)
• Russian: золоти́ть (ru) impf (zolotítʹ), позолоти́ть (ru) pf (pozolotítʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: òr, òraich
• Serbo-Croatian: zlatiti (sh) impf, pozlatiti (sh) pf
• Spanish: dorar (es)
• Swedish: förgylla (sv)
• Turkish: yaldızlamak (tr)
• Ukrainian: золоти́ти impf (zolotýty), позоло́чувати impf (pozolóčuvaty), позолоти́ти pf (pozolotýty), позлоти́ти pf (pozlotýty)
• Welsh: euro (cy)

to adorn

• Bulgarian: украсявам (bg) (ukrasjavam)
• Dutch: verfraaien (nl), opsmukken (nl)
• Georgian: მორთვა (mortva), შემკობა (šemḳoba), გალამაზება (galamazeba)
• German: schmücken (de)

• Italian: adornare (it), abbellire (it)
• Russian: украша́ть (ru) impf (ukrašátʹ), укра́сить (ru) pf (ukrásitʹ)
• Turkish: süslemek (tr)
• Welsh: addurno (cy)

to give a bright or pleasing aspect to

• Italian: indorare

• Spanish: dorar (es)

to make appear drunk

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} aros (sq), ^{(please verify)} praroj (sq)

Etymology 2

Noun

gild (plural gilds)

1. Obsolete form of guild.
   • 1920, H. E. Salter, Munimenta Civitatis Oxonie (volume 71, page xxviii)

     No trade gild might be started without the consent of the whole body of hanasters, who would insist that the regulations were not harmful to the burgesses as a whole; […]

See also

• gild on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• DILG, glid

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Gothic

Romanization

gild

1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳

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Irish

Etymology

From English guild.

Noun

gild m (genitive singular gild, nominative plural gildeanna)

1. (historical) guild

   Synonym: cuallacht

Declension

Declension of gild

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative gild gildeanna Vocative a ghild a ghildeanna Genitive gild gildeanna Dative gild gildeanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an gild na gildeanna Genitive an ghild na ngildeanna Dative leis an ngild don ghild leis na gildeanna

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gild	ghild	ngild
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• "gild" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “guild” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
• Entries containing “gild” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse gildr, from Proto-Germanic *gildiz. Cognates include Icelandic gildur and Scots yauld.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɪlː/ (example of pronunciation)

Adjective

gild (masculine and feminine gild, neuter gildt, definite singular and plural gilde, comparative gildare, indefinite superlative gildast, definite superlative gildaste)

1. (also law) valid

   Antonym: ugild

2. nice, healthy, rich, capable
3. kind, good
4. enjoyable
5. happy
6. proud

Derived terms

• gilda (verb)

• allgild
• fullgild
• gildskap
• lovgild
• ovgild
• rettsgild
• ugild

 

Related terms

• gilde n
• gjelda

References

• “gild” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old English

Alternative forms

• ġeld, ġield, ġyld

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *geldą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jild/, [jiɫd]

Noun

ġild n

1. payment of money; tribute, compensation, tax
2. guild, society, club
3. deity
4. visible object of worship; idol

Declension

Declension of gild (strong-a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ġild	ġild
accusative	ġild	ġild
genitive	ġildes	ġilda
dative	ġilde	ġildum

Derived terms

• æfterġild (“after payment”)
• āngild (“single payment”)
• dēofolġild (“devil worship, idolatry”)
• edġild (“repayment”)
• fēondġild (“idolatry, an idol”)
• friþġild (“society for the maintenance of peace and security”)
• frumġild (“first payment”)
• godġild (“idol”)
• hǣþenġild (“idolatry”)
• unġild (“improper or excessive tax”)
• werġild (“compensation for a man killed”)
• þēofġild (“fine for stealing”)
• ġilddæġ (“day for a religious ceremony”)

 

Descendants

• Middle English: geld
  • → English: geld (reinforced by Latin)
• Middle English: ȝeld
  • English: yield
  • Scots: ȝeld, ȝeild
• → Medieval Latin: geldum, gildum

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) , “ġild”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Old Norse

Adjective

gild

1. strong feminine nominative singular of gildr
2. strong neuter nominative plural of gildr
3. strong neuter accusative plural of gildr