gratinar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French gratiner.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ɡɾə.tiˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ɡɾa.tiˈnaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [ɡɾa.tiˈna]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Homophone: gratinà

Verb

gratinar (first-person singular present gratino, first-person singular preterite gratiní, past participle gratinat)

1. (transitive, cooking) to grill

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of gratinar (first conjugation)

infinitive			gratinar
gerund			gratinant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gratinat		gratinada
		plural		gratinats		gratinades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	gratino	gratines	gratina	gratinem	gratineu	gratinen
	imperfect	gratinava	gratinaves	gratinava	gratinàvem	gratinàveu	gratinaven
	future	gratinaré	gratinaràs	gratinarà	gratinarem	gratinareu	gratinaran
	preterite	gratiní	gratinares	gratinà	gratinàrem	gratinàreu	gratinaren
	conditional	gratinaria	gratinaries	gratinaria	gratinaríem	gratinaríeu	gratinarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	gratini	gratinis	gratini	gratinem	gratineu	gratinin
	imperfect	gratinés	gratinessis	gratinés	gratinéssim	gratinéssiu	gratinessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	gratina	gratini	gratinem	gratineu	gratinin
	negative (no)	—	no gratinis	no gratini	no gratinem	no gratineu	no gratinin

Further reading

• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “gratinar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)
• “gratinar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gratinar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “gratinar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Anagrams

• garantir, traginar, trigaran

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡra.tiˈnar/
• Rhymes: -ar
• Hyphenation: gra‧ti‧nàr

Verb

gratinar (apocopated)

1. apocopic form of gratinare

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gred-

Proto-Indo-European *-néh₂ti

Proto-Indo-European *grodnéh₂ti?

Proto-Germanic *krattōną

Frankish *krattōnbor.

Old French gratter

Middle French gratter

French gratter

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos

Proto-Italic *-īnos

Latin -īnus

French -in

French gratin

Proto-Italic *-āzi

▲

Latin -ereinflu.

Latin -āre

Old French -ier

Middle French -er

French -er

French gratinerbor.

Portuguese gratinar

Borrowed from French gratiner.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃiˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.tiˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.tiˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.tiˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: gra‧ti‧nar

Verb

gratinar (first-person singular present gratino, first-person singular preterite gratinei, past participle gratinado)

1. (ambitransitive, cooking) to grill

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratinar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gratinar
Personal	gratinar	gratinares	gratinar	gratinarmos	gratinardes	gratinarem
Gerund
	gratinando
Past participle
Masculine	gratinado			gratinados
Feminine	gratinada			gratinadas
Indicative
Present	gratino	gratinas	gratina	gratinamos	gratinais	gratinam
Imperfect	gratinava	gratinavas	gratinava	gratinávamos	gratináveis	gratinavam
Preterite	gratinei	gratinaste	gratinou	gratinamos1, gratinámos2	gratinastes	gratinaram
Pluperfect	gratinara	gratinaras	gratinara	gratináramos	gratináreis	gratinaram
Future	gratinarei	gratinarás	gratinará	gratinaremos	gratinareis	gratinarão
Conditional	gratinaria	gratinarias	gratinaria	gratinaríamos	gratinaríeis	gratinariam
Subjunctive
Present	gratine	gratines	gratine	gratinemos	gratineis	gratinem
Imperfect	gratinasse	gratinasses	gratinasse	gratinássemos	gratinásseis	gratinassem
Future	gratinar	gratinares	gratinar	gratinarmos	gratinardes	gratinarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gratina	gratine	gratinemos	gratinai	gratinem
Negative (não)		não gratines	não gratine	não gratinemos	não gratineis	não gratinem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “gratinar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “gratinar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2026
• “gratinar”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “gratinar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “gratinar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gred-

Proto-Indo-European *-néh₂ti

Proto-Indo-European *grodnéh₂ti?

Proto-Germanic *krattōną

Frankish *krattōnbor.

Old French gratter

Middle French gratter

French gratter

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos

Proto-Italic *-īnos

Latin -īnus

French -in

French gratin

Proto-Italic *-āzi

▲

Latin -ereinflu.

Latin -āre

Old French -ier

Middle French -er

French -er

French gratinerbor.

Spanish gratinar

Borrowed from French gratiner.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾatiˈnaɾ/ [ɡɾa.t̪iˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gra‧ti‧nar

Verb

gratinar (first-person singular present gratino, first-person singular preterite gratiné, past participle gratinado)

1. (transitive, cooking) to grill, toast

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratinar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gratinar
gerund			gratinando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gratinado		gratinada
		plural		gratinados		gratinadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gratino	gratinastú gratinásvos	gratina	gratinamos	gratináis	gratinan
	imperfect	gratinaba	gratinabas	gratinaba	gratinábamos	gratinabais	gratinaban
	preterite	gratiné	gratinaste	gratinó	gratinamos	gratinasteis	gratinaron
	future	gratinaré	gratinarás	gratinará	gratinaremos	gratinaréis	gratinarán
	conditional	gratinaría	gratinarías	gratinaría	gratinaríamos	gratinaríais	gratinarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gratine	gratinestú gratinésvos2	gratine	gratinemos	gratinéis	gratinen
	imperfect (ra)	gratinara	gratinaras	gratinara	gratináramos	gratinarais	gratinaran
	imperfect (se)	gratinase	gratinases	gratinase	gratinásemos	gratinaseis	gratinasen
	future1	gratinare	gratinares	gratinare	gratináremos	gratinareis	gratinaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gratinatú gratinávos	gratine	gratinemos	gratinad	gratinen
	negative		no gratines	no gratine	no gratinemos	no gratinéis	no gratinen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gratinar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gratinar	dative	gratinarme	gratinarte	gratinarle, gratinarse	gratinarnos	gratinaros	gratinarles, gratinarse
	accusative	gratinarme	gratinarte	gratinarlo, gratinarla, gratinarse	gratinarnos	gratinaros	gratinarlos, gratinarlas, gratinarse
with gerund gratinando	dative	gratinándome	gratinándote	gratinándole, gratinándose	gratinándonos	gratinándoos	gratinándoles, gratinándose
	accusative	gratinándome	gratinándote	gratinándolo, gratinándola, gratinándose	gratinándonos	gratinándoos	gratinándolos, gratinándolas, gratinándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative gratina	dative	gratíname	gratínate	gratínale	gratínanos	not used	gratínales
	accusative	gratíname	gratínate	gratínalo, gratínala	gratínanos	not used	gratínalos, gratínalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative gratiná	dative	gratiname	gratinate	gratinale	gratinanos	not used	gratinales
	accusative	gratiname	gratinate	gratinalo, gratinala	gratinanos	not used	gratinalos, gratinalas
with formal second-person singular imperative gratine	dative	gratíneme	not used	gratínele, gratínese	gratínenos	not used	gratíneles
	accusative	gratíneme	not used	gratínelo, gratínela, gratínese	gratínenos	not used	gratínelos, gratínelas
with first-person plural imperative gratinemos	dative	not used	gratinémoste	gratinémosle	gratinémonos	gratinémoos	gratinémosles
	accusative	not used	gratinémoste	gratinémoslo, gratinémosla	gratinémonos	gratinémoos	gratinémoslos, gratinémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gratinad	dative	gratinadme	not used	gratinadle	gratinadnos	gratinaos	gratinadles
	accusative	gratinadme	not used	gratinadlo, gratinadla	gratinadnos	gratinaos	gratinadlos, gratinadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gratinen	dative	gratínenme	not used	gratínenle	gratínennos	not used	gratínenles, gratínense
	accusative	gratínenme	not used	gratínenlo, gratínenla	gratínennos	not used	gratínenlos, gratínenlas, gratínense

Further reading

• “gratinar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025