handicap

See also: hándicap and Handicap

English

Etymology

From hand-in-cap, in reference to holding the game stakes in a cap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhændikæp/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

handicap (countable and uncountable, plural handicaps)

1. Something that prevents, hampers, or hinders.

   Age is often a handicap.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.

2. (sports) An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race (or other contest of skill) to the competitor possessing disadvantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success.

   The older boy won, even though his opponent had been granted a handicap of five meters.

   A handicap in chess often involves removal of the queen's rook.

   • 1901, “Gleanings”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record‎^[1], volume 4, number 1, page 31:

     Eventually the elephant and camel were depatched by themselves with two laps start of the bicyclist and horse, the motor car being scratch. It was a sensational race owing to the conduct of the field, but on the handicap the elephant won, bicycle second, motor car third.

3. (sometimes considered offensive) The disadvantage itself, in particular physical or mental disadvantages of people.
4. A race or similar contest in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.
5. (obsolete, uncountable, card games) An old card game, similar to lanterloo.
   • 1660, Samuel Pepys, Diary of Samuel Pepys‎^[2], page 95:

     Here some of us fell to handicap, a sport that I never knew before, which was very good.

6. (obsolete, uncountable) Synonym of hand-in-cap (“old English trading game”)

Derived terms

• Benghazi Handicap
• handicamp
• handicapism
• handicapitalism
• handicappable
• handicapper
• handicap principle
• handiphobia
• nonhandicap
• overhandicap
• polyhandicap
• prehandicap
• re-handicap
• rehandicap
• self-handicap

Translations

something that prevents, hampers, or hinders

• Bulgarian: пречка (bg) f (prečka), спънка (bg) f (spǎnka)
• Esperanto: handikapo
• Finnish: haitta (fi)
• Luxembourgish: Behënnerung f
• Portuguese: obstáculo (pt) m

in a competition, allowance granted or hindrance imposed

• Bulgarian: ава́нс (bg) m (aváns)
• Finnish: tasoitus (fi)
• German: Vorsprung (de) m
• Hebrew: מִקְדָּם (he) m (mikdam)
• Icelandic: forgjöf (is) f
• Japanese: ハンディキャップ (ja) (handikyappu), ハンデ (ja) (hande)
• Maori: tohurehe
• Persian: آوانس (fa) (âvâns), فرجه (fa) (forje)
• Polish: fory (pl)
• Portuguese: vantagem (pt)
• Russian: фо́ра (ru) f (fóra), гандика́п (ru) m (gandikáp)
• Slovak: hendikep m
• Spanish: ventaja (es) f, ventaje m (disused)
• Swedish: försprång (sv)
• Ukrainian: фо́ра f (fóra), гандика́п m (handykáp)

disadvantage, in particular physical or mental disadvantages of people

• Bikol Central: kaninan
• Bulgarian: недъг (bg) m (nedǎg)
• Danish: handikap (da)
• Dutch: handicap (nl) m
• Esperanto: handikapo
• Finnish: vamma (fi)
• French: handicap (fr) m
• German: Behinderung (de) m
• Hungarian: fogyatékosság (hu)
• Icelandic: fötlun (is) f
• Japanese: 障害 (ja) (shōgai), ハンディキャップ (ja) (handikyappu), ハンデ (ja) (hande)
• Korean: 장애 (ko) (jang'ae)
• Latin: impedimentum n
• Malayalam: വൈകല്യം (ml) (vaikalyaṁ)
• Maori: hauātanga
• Polish: upośledzenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: deficiência (pt) f
• Russian: недоста́ток (ru) m (nedostátok), уве́чье (ru) n (uvéčʹje)
• Spanish: minusvalía f, discapacidad (es) f
• Tamil: ஊனம் (ta) (ūṉam)
• Turkish: engel (tr), özür (tr)

race

• Finnish: tasoituskilpailu

card game

Verb

handicap (third-person singular simple present handicaps, present participle handicapping, simple past and past participle handicapped)

1. (transitive) To encumber with a handicap in any contest.
2. (transitive, figurative, by extension) To place at disadvantage.

   The candidate was handicapped by her lack of experience.

3. To estimate betting odds.

   Grandpa Andy would buy the racing form the day ahead of time so he could handicap the race before he even arrived at the track.

Translations

to encumber

• Bulgarian: преча (bg) (preča), спъвам (bg) (spǎvam)
• Catalan: handicapar (ca)
• Irish: cis
• Swahili: kilema (sw)

to place at disadvantage

• Catalan: handicapar (ca)
• Swahili: kilema (sw)

to estimate betting odds

• Swahili: kilema (sw)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Ido: ^{(please verify)} handikapo (io)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦɛn.diˌkɛp/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

handicap m (plural handicaps, diminutive handicapje n)

1. disability
2. handicap, disadvantage
3. (sports, golf) handicap, measure of ability

Derived terms

• gehandicapt

Finnish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English handicap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhændikæp/, [ˈhændik̟æp]
• Rhymes: -ændikæp

Noun

handicap

1. (anglicism) handicap (allowance)

Declension

Inflection of handicap (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		handicap	handicapit
genitive		handicapin	handicapien
partitive		handicapia	handicapeja
illative		handicapiin	handicapeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		handicap	handicapit
accusative	nom.	handicap	handicapit
	gen.	handicapin
genitive		handicapin	handicapien
partitive		handicapia	handicapeja
inessive		handicapissa	handicapeissa
elative		handicapista	handicapeista
illative		handicapiin	handicapeihin
adessive		handicapilla	handicapeilla
ablative		handicapilta	handicapeilta
allative		handicapille	handicapeille
essive		handicapina	handicapeina
translative		handicapiksi	handicapeiksi
abessive		handicapitta	handicapeitta
instructive		—	handicapein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of handicap (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative handicapini handicapini accusative nom. handicapini handicapini gen. handicapini genitive handicapini handicapieni partitive handicapiani handicapejani inessive handicapissani handicapeissani elative handicapistani handicapeistani illative handicapiini handicapeihini adessive handicapillani handicapeillani ablative handicapiltani handicapeiltani allative handicapilleni handicapeilleni essive handicapinani handicapeinani translative handicapikseni handicapeikseni abessive handicapittani handicapeittani instructive — — comitative — handicapeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative handicapisi handicapisi accusative nom. handicapisi handicapisi gen. handicapisi genitive handicapisi handicapiesi partitive handicapiasi handicapejasi inessive handicapissasi handicapeissasi elative handicapistasi handicapeistasi illative handicapiisi handicapeihisi adessive handicapillasi handicapeillasi ablative handicapiltasi handicapeiltasi allative handicapillesi handicapeillesi essive handicapinasi handicapeinasi translative handicapiksesi handicapeiksesi abessive handicapittasi handicapeittasi instructive — — comitative — handicapeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative handicapimme handicapimme accusative nom. handicapimme handicapimme gen. handicapimme genitive handicapimme handicapiemme partitive handicapiamme handicapejamme inessive handicapissamme handicapeissamme elative handicapistamme handicapeistamme illative handicapiimme handicapeihimme adessive handicapillamme handicapeillamme ablative handicapiltamme handicapeiltamme allative handicapillemme handicapeillemme essive handicapinamme handicapeinamme translative handicapiksemme handicapeiksemme abessive handicapittamme handicapeittamme instructive — — comitative — handicapeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative handicapinne handicapinne accusative nom. handicapinne handicapinne gen. handicapinne genitive handicapinne handicapienne partitive handicapianne handicapejanne inessive handicapissanne handicapeissanne elative handicapistanne handicapeistanne illative handicapiinne handicapeihinne adessive handicapillanne handicapeillanne ablative handicapiltanne handicapeiltanne allative handicapillenne handicapeillenne essive handicapinanne handicapeinanne translative handicapiksenne handicapeiksenne abessive handicapittanne handicapeittanne instructive — — comitative — handicapeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative handicapinsa handicapinsa accusative nom. handicapinsa handicapinsa gen. handicapinsa genitive handicapinsa handicapiensa partitive handicapiaan handicapiansa handicapejaan handicapejansa inessive handicapissaan handicapissansa handicapeissaan handicapeissansa elative handicapistaan handicapistansa handicapeistaan handicapeistansa illative handicapiinsa handicapeihinsa adessive handicapillaan handicapillansa handicapeillaan handicapeillansa ablative handicapiltaan handicapiltansa handicapeiltaan handicapeiltansa allative handicapilleen handicapillensa handicapeilleen handicapeillensa essive handicapinaan handicapinansa handicapeinaan handicapeinansa translative handicapikseen handicapiksensa handicapeikseen handicapeiksensa abessive handicapittaan handicapittansa handicapeittaan handicapeittansa instructive — — comitative — handicapeineen handicapeinensa

Inflection of handicap (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		handicap	handicapit
genitive		handicapin	handicapien
partitive		handicapiä	handicapejä
illative		handicapiin	handicapeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		handicap	handicapit
accusative	nom.	handicap	handicapit
	gen.	handicapin
genitive		handicapin	handicapien
partitive		handicapiä	handicapejä
inessive		handicapissä	handicapeissä
elative		handicapistä	handicapeistä
illative		handicapiin	handicapeihin
adessive		handicapillä	handicapeillä
ablative		handicapiltä	handicapeiltä
allative		handicapille	handicapeille
essive		handicapinä	handicapeinä
translative		handicapiksi	handicapeiksi
abessive		handicapittä	handicapeittä
instructive		—	handicapein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of handicap (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative handicapini handicapini accusative nom. handicapini handicapini gen. handicapini genitive handicapini handicapieni partitive handicapiäni handicapejäni inessive handicapissäni handicapeissäni elative handicapistäni handicapeistäni illative handicapiini handicapeihini adessive handicapilläni handicapeilläni ablative handicapiltäni handicapeiltäni allative handicapilleni handicapeilleni essive handicapinäni handicapeinäni translative handicapikseni handicapeikseni abessive handicapittäni handicapeittäni instructive — — comitative — handicapeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative handicapisi handicapisi accusative nom. handicapisi handicapisi gen. handicapisi genitive handicapisi handicapiesi partitive handicapiäsi handicapejäsi inessive handicapissäsi handicapeissäsi elative handicapistäsi handicapeistäsi illative handicapiisi handicapeihisi adessive handicapilläsi handicapeilläsi ablative handicapiltäsi handicapeiltäsi allative handicapillesi handicapeillesi essive handicapinäsi handicapeinäsi translative handicapiksesi handicapeiksesi abessive handicapittäsi handicapeittäsi instructive — — comitative — handicapeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative handicapimme handicapimme accusative nom. handicapimme handicapimme gen. handicapimme genitive handicapimme handicapiemme partitive handicapiämme handicapejämme inessive handicapissämme handicapeissämme elative handicapistämme handicapeistämme illative handicapiimme handicapeihimme adessive handicapillämme handicapeillämme ablative handicapiltämme handicapeiltämme allative handicapillemme handicapeillemme essive handicapinämme handicapeinämme translative handicapiksemme handicapeiksemme abessive handicapittämme handicapeittämme instructive — — comitative — handicapeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative handicapinne handicapinne accusative nom. handicapinne handicapinne gen. handicapinne genitive handicapinne handicapienne partitive handicapiänne handicapejänne inessive handicapissänne handicapeissänne elative handicapistänne handicapeistänne illative handicapiinne handicapeihinne adessive handicapillänne handicapeillänne ablative handicapiltänne handicapeiltänne allative handicapillenne handicapeillenne essive handicapinänne handicapeinänne translative handicapiksenne handicapeiksenne abessive handicapittänne handicapeittänne instructive — — comitative — handicapeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative handicapinsä handicapinsä accusative nom. handicapinsä handicapinsä gen. handicapinsä genitive handicapinsä handicapiensä partitive handicapiään handicapiänsä handicapejään handicapejänsä inessive handicapissään handicapissänsä handicapeissään handicapeissänsä elative handicapistään handicapistänsä handicapeistään handicapeistänsä illative handicapiinsä handicapeihinsä adessive handicapillään handicapillänsä handicapeillään handicapeillänsä ablative handicapiltään handicapiltänsä handicapeiltään handicapeiltänsä allative handicapilleen handicapillensä handicapeilleen handicapeillensä essive handicapinään handicapinänsä handicapeinään handicapeinänsä translative handicapikseen handicapiksensä handicapeikseen handicapeiksensä abessive handicapittään handicapittänsä handicapeittään handicapeittänsä instructive — — comitative — handicapeineen handicapeinensä

Synonyms

• tasoitus

Further reading

• “handicap”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

French

Etymology

English handicap.

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.di.kap/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

handicap m (plural handicaps)

1. handicap
2. disability

Derived terms

• handicapé

Further reading

• “handicap”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈan.di.kap/, /ˈɛn.di.kap/
• Rhymes: -andikap, -ɛndikap
• Hyphenation: hàn‧di‧cap

Noun

handicap m (invariable)

1. handicap (disability; horserace)

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English handicap.

Noun

handicap m (uncountable)

1. handicap, disadvantage
2. advantage

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap or French handicap.

Noun

handicap n (plural handicapuri)

1. handicap

Declension

Declension of handicap

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	handicap	handicapul		handicapuri	handicapurile
genitive-dative	handicap	handicapului		handicapuri	handicapurilor
vocative	handicapule			handicapurilor

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English handicap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /andiˈkap/ [ãn̪.d̪iˈkap]
• Rhymes: -ap
• Syllabification: han‧di‧cap

Noun

handicap m (plural handicaps)

1. handicap