lexicon

See also: léxicon

English

WOTD – 12 December 2006

Etymology

English from the 17th century, from Medieval Latin or New Latin lexicon, from Ancient Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon”), neuter of λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kən/
• enPR: lĕ'ksĭkŏn, IPA^(key): /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɑn/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

lexicon (plural lexica or lexicons)

1. The vocabulary of a language.

   Synonyms: word-hoard, word-stock

2. (linguistics) A dictionary that includes or focuses on lexemes.

   Synonym: wordbook

3. A dictionary of Classical Greek, Hebrew, Latin, or Aramaic.
4. (programming) The lexicology of a programming language. (Usually called lexical structure.)
5. (rare) Any dictionary.
6. The vocabulary used by or known to an individual. (Also called lexical knowledge)
7. A vocabulary specific to a certain subject.

   a baseball lexicon

Related terms

• lexical
• lexicography
• lexicology
• lexiconophilia
• lexiconophilist

Translations

vocabulary of a language

• Armenian: բառապաշար (hy) (baṙapašar)
• Catalan: lèxic (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 詞庫／词库 (zh) (cíkù), 词库 (zh) (cíkù), 詞匯／词汇 (zh) (cíhuì), 词汇 (zh) (cíhuì)

• Czech: lexikum n, slovní zásoba (cs) f
• Danish: leksikon (da) n
• Finnish: sanasto (fi), leksikko (fi)
• French: lexique (fr) f, vocabulaire (fr) m
• Galician: léxico (gl) m
• Georgian: ლექსიკონი (ka) (leksiḳoni)
• German: Lexikon (de) n, Wortschatz (de) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Greek:

  Ancient: λεξικόν n (lexikón)

• Hungarian: szókincs (hu), szókészlet (hu)
• Japanese: 語彙 (ja) (ごい, goi)
• Maori: huinga kupu
• Polish: słownik (pl) m
• Portuguese: léxico (pt) m
• Russian: слова́рь (ru) m (slovárʹ), лексико́н (ru) m (leksikón), ле́ксика (ru) f (léksika)
• Spanish: léxico (es) m
• Vietnamese: từ điển (vi)

dictionary of lexemes

• Catalan: lèxic (ca) m
• Danish: leksikon (da) n
• Finnish: sanakirja (fi)
• French: lexique (fr) m
• Greek: λημματολόγιο (el) n (limmatológio)

  Ancient: λεξικόν n (lexikón)

• Hungarian: szójegyzék (hu), szógyűjtemény (hu), szószedet (hu)
• Icelandic: orðabók (is) f, orðasafn (is) n, lesforði m, lessafn n
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: lessico (it) m
• Lithuanian: leksikonas m
• Maori: papakupu (mi)
• Polish: ^{(please verify)} leksykon (pl) m, ^{(please verify)} słownik encyklopedyczny m
• Portuguese: léxico (pt) m
• Romanian: lexicon (ro) n
• Russian: слова́рь лексе́м m (slovárʹ leksém)

dictionary of Classical Greek, Hebrew, Latin, or Aramaic

• Greek: λεξικό (el) n (lexikó)
• Hungarian: szótár (hu)
• Icelandic: orðabók (is) f, orðasafn (is) n
• Italian: lessico (it) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Polish: słownik (pl) m
• Portuguese: léxicon (pt) m
• Russian: лексико́н (ru) m (leksikón)
• Swedish: lexikon (sv) n

lexicology of a programming language

• Catalan: lèxic (ca) m
• Finnish: sanasto (fi)
• Greek: λεξιλόγιο (el) n (lexilógio)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Icelandic: orðasafn (is) n
• Italian: lessico (it) m
• Portuguese: léxico (pt) m

(rare) any dictionary

• Finnish: sanakirja (fi)
• German: Lexikon (de) n
• Greek: λεξικό (el) n (lexikó)
• Hungarian: szótár (hu)
• Icelandic: orðabók (is) f, orðasafn (is) n
• Irish: foclóir (ga) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: lessico (it) m
• Lithuanian: žodynas (lt) m, leksikonas m
• Polish: słownik (pl) m
• Portuguese: léxico (pt) m
• Russian: лексико́н (ru) m (leksikón), слова́рь (ru) m (slovárʹ)
• Spanish: léxico (es) m

vocabulary used by an individual

• Finnish: sanavarasto (fi)
• French: lexique (fr) m
• German: Wortschatz (de) m
• Greek: λεξιλόγιο (el) n (lexilógio)
• Hungarian: szókincs (hu), szókészlet (hu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Icelandic: orðabók (is) f, orðasafn (is) n, lesforði m, lessafn n
• Italian: lessico (it) m, vocabolario (it) m
• Polish: leksykon (pl) m, słownictwo (pl) n
• Portuguese: vocabulário (pt) m
• Russian: лексико́н (ru) m (leksikón), запа́с слов m (zapás slov), лекси́ческий запа́с m (leksíčeskij zapás), ле́ксика (ru) f (léksika)

subject-specific vocabulary

• Finnish: sanasto (fi)
• French: champ lexical (fr) m
• Hungarian: szószedet (hu), szókészlet (hu), szakszótár (hu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Polish: leksyk (pl) m, słownictwo (pl) m
• Portuguese: vocabulário (pt) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} leksikono
• German: ^{(please verify)} Lexikon (de) n
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} lexico
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} sözlük (tr), ^{(please verify)} lügat (tr)
• Welsh: ^{(please verify)} geiriadur (cy) m

Further reading

• “lexicon”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “lexicon”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

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Dutch

Etymology

From New Latin lexicon, from Ancient Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon”), neuter of λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: lexi‧con

Noun

lexicon n (plural lexicons or lexica, diminutive lexiconnetje n)

1. (clarification of this definition is needed) lexicon

Further reading

• Template:projectlink

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Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “dictionary”)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈlek.si.kon/, [ˈɫ̪ɛks̠ɪkɔn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlek.si.kon/, [ˈlɛksikon]

Noun

lexicon n (genitive lexicī); second declension

1. (clarification of this definition is needed) lexicon

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lexicon	lexica
Genitive	lexicī	lexicōrum
Dative	lexicō	lexicīs
Accusative	lexicon	lexica
Ablative	lexicō	lexicīs
Vocative	lexicon	lexica

References

• lexicon in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “lexicon”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lexicon in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Further reading

• Template:projectlink