mahtaa
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *mahtadak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *mašta-. Cognates include Estonian mahtuma, Erzya and Moksha маштомс (maštoms), Eastern Mari мошташ (moštaš), Northern Khanty [Term?], and Eastern Mansi [Term?].
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]mahtaa
- (transitive, usually atelic, chiefly in the negative) to be able to, can do [with allative ‘about’]
- En mahda sille mitään.
- There's nothing I can do about it.
- (auxiliary + first infinitive) one supposes, probably do, must do (in suppositions)
- Synonyms: taitaa, [the potential mood]
- Mahdat olla nälkäinen.
- You must be hungry.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of mahtaa (Kotus type 56*F/kaivaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | mahdan | en mahda | 1st sing. | olen mahtanut | en ole mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | mahdat | et mahda | 2nd sing. | olet mahtanut | et ole mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | mahtaa | ei mahda | 3rd sing. | on mahtanut | ei ole mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | mahdamme | emme mahda | 1st plur. | olemme mahtaneet | emme ole mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | mahdatte | ette mahda | 2nd plur. | olette mahtaneet | ette ole mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | mahtavat | eivät mahda | 3rd plur. | ovat mahtaneet | eivät ole mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | mahdetaan | ei mahdeta | passive | on mahdettu | ei ole mahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | mahdoin | en mahtanut | 1st sing. | olin mahtanut | en ollut mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | mahdoit | et mahtanut | 2nd sing. | olit mahtanut | et ollut mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | mahtoi | ei mahtanut | 3rd sing. | oli mahtanut | ei ollut mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | mahdoimme | emme mahtaneet | 1st plur. | olimme mahtaneet | emme olleet mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | mahdoitte | ette mahtaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte mahtaneet | ette olleet mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | mahtoivat | eivät mahtaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat mahtaneet | eivät olleet mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | mahdettiin | ei mahdettu | passive | oli mahdettu | ei ollut mahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | mahtaisin | en mahtaisi | 1st sing. | olisin mahtanut | en olisi mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | mahtaisit | et mahtaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit mahtanut | et olisi mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | mahtaisi | ei mahtaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi mahtanut | ei olisi mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | mahtaisimme | emme mahtaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme mahtaneet | emme olisi mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | mahtaisitte | ette mahtaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte mahtaneet | ette olisi mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | mahtaisivat | eivät mahtaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat mahtaneet | eivät olisi mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | mahdettaisiin | ei mahdettaisi | passive | olisi mahdettu | ei olisi mahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | mahda | älä mahda | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | mahtakoon | älköön mahtako | 3rd sing. | olkoon mahtanut | älköön olko mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | mahtakaamme | älkäämme mahtako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | mahtakaa | älkää mahtako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | mahtakoot | älkööt mahtako | 3rd plur. | olkoot mahtaneet | älkööt olko mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | mahdettakoon | älköön mahdettako | passive | olkoon mahdettu | älköön olko mahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | mahtanen | en mahtane | 1st sing. | lienen mahtanut | en liene mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | mahtanet | et mahtane | 2nd sing. | lienet mahtanut | et liene mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | mahtanee | ei mahtane | 3rd sing. | lienee mahtanut | ei liene mahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | mahtanemme | emme mahtane | 1st plur. | lienemme mahtaneet | emme liene mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | mahtanette | ette mahtane | 2nd plur. | lienette mahtaneet | ette liene mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | mahtanevat | eivät mahtane | 3rd plur. | lienevät mahtaneet | eivät liene mahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | mahdettaneen | ei mahdettane | passive | lienee mahdettu | ei liene mahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | mahtaa | present | mahtava | mahdettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | mahtanut | mahdettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | mahtaessa | mahdettaessa | agent3 | mahtama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | mahtamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | mahtaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | mahtamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | mahtamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | mahtamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | mahtamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | mahtamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | mahtaman | mahdettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | mahtaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “mahtaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]mahtaa
- third-person singular present indicative of mahtaa
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *mahtadak. Cognates include Finnish mahtaa and Estonian mahtuda.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑhtɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑhtɑː]
- Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
- Hyphenation: mah‧taa
Verb
[edit]mahtaa
- (auxiliary) to be able to (to have the knowledge to)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 64:
- Jo nyt mahan lukkia.
- Now I can read.
- 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri[2], volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
- Möö veel läkkäämmä omal viisii, a olliit mokkomat akat, miä veel muissan, miä olin pikkutyttö, höö vennäheks evät mahtanehet läätä.
- We still speak in our own way, but there were such old women, I still remember, I was a little girl, they couldn't speak Russian.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of mahtaa (type 4/antaa, t- gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | mahan | en maha | 1st singular | oon mahtant, oon mahtanut | en oo mahtant, en oo mahtanut |
2nd singular | mahat | et maha | 2nd singular | oot mahtant, oot mahtanut | et oo mahtant, et oo mahtanut |
3rd singular | mahtaa | ei maha | 3rd singular | ono mahtant, ono mahtanut | ei oo mahtant, ei oo mahtanut |
1st plural | mahamma | emmä maha | 1st plural | oomma mahtaneet | emmä oo mahtaneet |
2nd plural | mahatta | että maha | 2nd plural | ootta mahtaneet | että oo mahtaneet |
3rd plural | mahtaat1), mahtavat2), mahetaa | evät maha, ei maheta | 3rd plural | ovat mahtaneet | evät oo mahtaneet, ei oo mahettu |
impersonal | mahetaa | ei maheta | impersonal | ono mahettu | ei oo mahettu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | mahoin | en mahtant, en mahtanut | 1st singular | olin mahtant, olin mahtanut | en olt mahtant, en olt mahtanut |
2nd singular | mahoit | et mahtant, et mahtanut | 2nd singular | olit mahtant, olit mahtanut | et olt mahtant, et olt mahtanut |
3rd singular | mahtoi | ei mahtant, ei mahtanut | 3rd singular | oli mahtant, oli mahtanut | ei olt mahtant, ei olt mahtanut |
1st plural | mahoimma | emmä mahtaneet | 1st plural | olimma mahtaneet | emmä olleet mahtaneet |
2nd plural | mahoitta | että mahtaneet | 2nd plural | olitta mahtaneet | että olleet mahtaneet |
3rd plural | mahtoit1), mahtoivat2), mahettii | evät mahtaneet, ei mahettu | 3rd plural | olivat mahtaneet | evät olleet mahtaneet, ei olt mahettu |
impersonal | mahettii | ei mahettu | impersonal | oli mahettu | ei olt mahettu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | mahtaisin | en mahtais | 1st singular | olisin mahtant, olisin mahtanut | en olis mahtant, en olis mahtanut |
2nd singular | mahtaisit, mahtaist1) | et mahtais | 2nd singular | olisit mahtant, olisit mahtanut | et olis mahtant, et olis mahtanut |
3rd singular | mahtais | ei mahtais | 3rd singular | olis mahtant, olis mahtanut | ei olis mahtant, ei olis mahtanut |
1st plural | mahtaisimma | emmä mahtais | 1st plural | olisimma mahtaneet | emmä olis mahtaneet |
2nd plural | mahtaisitta | että mahtais | 2nd plural | olisitta mahtaneet | että olis mahtaneet |
3rd plural | mahtaisiit1), mahtaisivat2), mahettais | evät mahtais, ei mahettais | 3rd plural | olisivat mahtaneet | evät olis mahtaneet, ei olis mahettu |
impersonal | mahettais | ei mahettais | impersonal | olis mahettu | ei olis mahettu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | maha | elä maha | 2nd singular | oo mahtant, oo mahtanut | elä oo mahtant, elä oo mahtanut |
3rd singular | mahtakoo | elköö mahtako | 3rd singular | olkoo mahtant, olkoo mahtanut | elköö olko mahtant, elköö olko mahtanut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | mahtakaa | elkää mahtako | 2nd plural | olkaa mahtaneet | elkää olko mahtaneet |
3rd plural | mahtakoot | elkööt mahtako, elköö mahettako | 3rd plural | olkoot mahtaneet | elkööt olko mahtaneet, elköö olko mahettu |
impersonal | mahettakkoo | elköö mahettako | impersonal | olkoo mahettu | elköö olko mahettu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | mahtanen | en mahtane | |||
2nd singular | mahtanet | et mahtane | |||
3rd singular | mahtanoo | ei mahtane | |||
1st plural | mahtanemma | emmä mahtane | |||
2nd plural | mahtanetta | että mahtane | |||
3rd plural | mahtanoot | evät mahtane, ei mahettane | |||
impersonal | mahettannoo | ei mahettane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | mahtaa | present | mahtava | mahettava | |
2nd | inessive | mahtajees | past | mahtant, mahtanut | mahettu |
instructive | mahtaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (mahtakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | mahtamaa | |||
inessive | mahtamaas | ||||
elative | mahtamast | ||||
abessive | mahtamata | ||||
4th | nominative | mahtamiin | |||
partitive | mahtamista, mahtamist |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 19
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 291
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
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- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑhtɑː
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