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nauka

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: nauką, naukã, and naûkä

Basque

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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nauka (masculine allocutive naukak, feminine allocutive naukan)

  1. third-person singular, with first-person singular direct object, present indicative of eduki (“to have, to contain”)

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech nauka, from Proto-Slavic *nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from naučit.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nauka f

  1. science
  2. teachings (summary of declared opinions)
  3. (dated) teaching (act of educating)

Declension

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Declension of nauka (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative nauka nauky
genitive nauky nauk
dative nauce naukám
accusative nauku nauky
vocative nauko nauky
locative nauce naukách
instrumental naukou naukami

Further reading

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Huichol

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Pronunciation

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Numeral

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náuka

  1. four

Old Czech

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō
Proto-Slavic *nader.
Proto-Slavic *na-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀkīˀtei
Proto-Slavic *učiti
Proto-Slavic *naučiti
Proto-Slavic *nauka
Old Czech nauka

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from naučiti.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈnauka/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈnauka/

    Noun

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    nauka f (diminutive naučka)

    1. (Christianity, law) curse (severe papal punishment of guilty Christians)
      1. document issuing such a punishment

    Declension

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    Declension of nauka (hard a-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative nauka naucě nauky
    genitive nauky naukú nauk
    dative naucě naukama naukám
    accusative nauku naucě nauky
    vocative nauko naucě nauky
    locative naucě naukú naukách
    instrumental naukú naukama naukami
    This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

    Descendants

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    • Czech: nauka

    References

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    Old Polish

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō
    Proto-Slavic *nader.
    Proto-Slavic *na-
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-der.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀkīˀtei
    Proto-Slavic *učiti
    Proto-Slavic *naučiti
    Proto-Slavic *nauka
    Old Polish nauka

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć. First attested in the end of the 14th century.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /na(ː)uka/
      • IPA(key): (15th CE) /nauka/, /nɒuka/

      Noun

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      nauka f

      1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) science (general collection of knowledge, abilities, or views)
        • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scan transliteration, transcription, numbers 18, 2, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
          Dzen dnowi wirziga slowo, a nocz nocy vkazuge naukø (indicat scientiam)
          [Dzień dniowi wyrzyga słowo, a noc nocy ukazuje naukę (indicat scientiam)]
        • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 41r:
          Disciplina id est doctrina lere oder zucht [n]ąvką
          [Disciplina id est doctrina lere oder zucht [n]auka]
      2. (attested in Lesser Poland) instruction, notification, information, advice; collection of instructions
        • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scan transliteration, transcription, numbers 9, 11, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
          Spewaycze gospodnu, iensze przebiwa w Syon, powadaycze medzi ludem naukø iego (studia eius)!
          [Śpiewajcie Gospodnu, jenże przebywa w Syjon, powiadajcie miedzy ludem naukę jego (studia eius)!]
        • 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎[2], [3], [4], volume XXIV, page 363:
          In beneficiis w dobrodzyewstwach, documentis w navkach, exemplis w przykladach
          [In beneficiis w dobrodziewstwach, documentis w naukach, exemplis w przykładach]
      3. (law, attested in Greater Poland) legal instruction
        • 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 66:
          Proszyemy wasz o navką, mogąly przyszyasznyczy dacz popyszacz zalobą y odpowyedz
          [Prosiemy was o naukę, mogąli przysiężnicy dać popisać żałobę i odpowiedź]
      4. (attested in Lesser Poland, Southern Borderlands) study (act of learning)
        • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scan transliteration, transcription, numbers 13, 2, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
          Zkaszeni sø y szadaiøczi sø se szczinili w naukach swogich (in studiis suis)
          [Skażeni są i żadający są sie sczynili w naukach swojich (in studiis suis)]
        • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 129:
          Then, czo schą na nauką, na vczienye byerze qui catezizatur, id est instruitur (communicet autem is, qui catechizatur verbo ei, qui se catechizat in omnibus bonis Gal 6, 6)
          [Ten, co się na naukę, na uczenie bierze qui catezizatur, id est instruitur (communicet autem is, qui catechizatur verbo ei, qui se catechizat in omnibus bonis Gal 6, 6)]
        • 1880-1894 [Middle of the 15th century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności‎[5], volume I, Lviv, page 118:
          Loquentes vobismetipsis, gl. id est vosmetipsos instruentes, videlicet ad vestram instruccionem, non tantum aliis, mowącz kv wasey navcze, navczayącz samy szyebye, nye telko gynsze (Eph 5, 19)
          [Loquentes vobismetipsis, gl. id est vosmetipsos instruentes, videlicet ad vestram instruccionem, non tantum aliis, mowiąc ku waszej nauce, nauczając sami siebie, nie telko jinsze (Eph 5, 19)]
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      nouns
      verbs

      Descendants

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      References

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      Polish

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      Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pl

      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō
      Proto-Slavic *nader.
      Proto-Slavic *na-
      Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-der.
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀkīˀtei
      Proto-Slavic *učiti
      Proto-Slavic *naučiti
      Proto-Slavic *nauka
      Old Polish nauka
      Polish nauka

        Inherited from Old Polish nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć.

        Pronunciation

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        • Audio 1:(file)
        • Audio 2:(file)
        • Rhymes: -uka
        • Syllabification: na‧u‧ka

        Noun

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        nauka f (related adjective naukowy)

        1. (uncountable) science (systematic method of verifying knowledge)
        2. (countable) science (field of study within such a system) [with o (+ locative) ‘of what’]
        3. (countable) teachings; dogma (set of views or theories held by some entity)
        4. (countable) lesson (something learned or to be learned)
        5. (uncountable) teaching (act of educating)
          Synonym: uczenie
        6. (uncountable) learning (act of acquiring knowledge)
          Synonym: uczenie się
        7. (countable, Christianity) sermon
          Synonym: kazanie
        8. (Podlachia, Tykocin, countable, chiefly in the plural) synonym of szkoła
          być w naukach ― to be in schools
        9. (uncountable, obsolete) education; knowledge
        10. (obsolete) trick (effective, clever or quick way of doing something)
          Synonym: sztuczka
        11. (Middle Polish) animal training
          Synonym: tresura
        12. (Middle Polish) order; persuasion; ad hoc recommendation; tip
        13. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
          • 1594, J. Januszowski, Ł. Górnickiego, Nowy karakter, page G4:
            Návká twa ſámá mie návccy.
            [Nauka twa sama mię nauczy.]

        Declension

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        Declension of nauka
        singular plural
        nominative nauka nauki
        genitive nauki nauk
        dative nauce naukom
        accusative naukę nauki
        instrumental nauką naukami
        locative nauce naukach
        vocative nauko nauki

        Derived terms

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        nouns
        verbs
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        adjectives
        adverb
        noun
        verbs

        Trivia

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        According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), nauka is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 54 times in scientific texts, 43 times in news, 76 times in essays, 7 times in fiction, and 13 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 193 times, making it the 290th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

        References

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        1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “nauka”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 276

        Further reading

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        Serbo-Croatian

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        Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia sh

        Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nauka.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /nǎuka/
        • Hyphenation: na‧u‧ka

        Noun

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        nàuka f (Cyrillic spelling на̀ука)

        1. (chiefly Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) science

        Usage notes

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        In Croatia, the more commonly used and preferred literary word is znȁnōst.

        Declension

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        Declension of nauka
        singular plural
        nominative nauka nauke
        genitive nauke nauka
        dative nauci naukama
        accusative nauku nauke
        vocative nauko nauke
        locative nauci naukama
        instrumental naukom naukama
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        Further reading

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        • “nauka”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

        Silesian

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        Etymology

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        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
        Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō
        Proto-Slavic *nader.
        Proto-Slavic *na-
        Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-der.
        Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀkīˀtei
        Proto-Slavic *učiti
        Proto-Slavic *naučiti
        Proto-Slavic *nauka
        Old Polish nauka
        Silesian nauka

          Inherited from Old Polish nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć.

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /naˈu.ka/
          • Audio:(file)
          • Rhymes: -uka
          • Syllabification: na‧u‧ka

          Noun

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          nauka f

          1. science (systematic method of verifying knowledge)
          2. study (process of learning)
            Synonyms: edukacyjŏ, (Cieszyn) uczynie
          3. (Christianity) sermon
          4. advice
            Synonym: dorada

          Declension

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          Declension of nauka
          singular plural
          nominative nauka nauki
          genitive nauki nauk
          dative nauce naukōm
          accusative naukã nauki
          instrumental naukōm naukami/naukōma
          locative nauce naukach
          vocative nauko nauki
          [edit]
          verbs

          Further reading

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          Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=nauka&oldid=91093392"