sūkt

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See also: ṣukt

Latvian

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Etymology

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This word results from the conflation of two independent stems: Proto-Indo-European *sew-, *sū-, *su- (“juice, moisture; to press juice; to suck”) with an extra -k, yielding Proto-Baltic *sūk- > Latvian sūk-; and Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to drain, to dry up, to fall (water)”) with an infix n, yielding a reduced grade *sn̥k- > Proto-Baltic *sunk- > Latvian sūk-. Cognates via the first stem (*sew-k-) include Old High German sūgan, German saugen, Dutch zuigen, Latin sūgere, sūcus (“juice”); cognates via the second stem (*sn̥k-) include Lithuanian suñkti (“to press (juice)”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sūkt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present sūcu, sūc, sūc, past sūcu)

  1. to suck; to absorb, to pump (to cause liquids, gases, etc. to move by rarefying the air inside some instrument, body part (especially the mouth), etc.)
    sūkt pienu ― to suck milk
    dēles, odi sūc asinis ― leeches, mosquitoes suck blood
    bites sūc ziedu sulu ― bees suck flower juice
    sūkt dzērienu ar salmiņu ― to suck drink with a straw
    sūkt dūmus no cigaretes ― to suck smoke from a cigarette
    sūknis sūc ūdens ― the pump sucks, pumps water
    audums sūc mitrumu ― the fabric sucks (up), absorbs moisture
    augi sūc barības vielas ― plants suck (up) nutricious substances
    lūpas apdedzinādams, Valdis sūca karsto kafiju un vēroja vīrus ― burning his lips, Valdis sucked, sipped the hot coffee and watched the men
  2. to sip (to drink with the lips pressed together; to drink slowly)
    Vaguļa brālēns sūca vēso limonādi, jo šī augusta diena bija vēl diezgan karsta ― Vagulis' cousin sipped cool lemonade, because that day of August was still rather hot
    četri vīri sūca alu un vēroja svešnieku, kas turēja rokā kļavu lapas ― four men were sipping beer and observing the stranger who held maple leaves in (his) hands
  3. to smoke (a pipe, a cigarette, etc.)
    Ķimelis mierīgi sūca pīpi un izlikās neklausāmies sievas valodā ― Ķimelis quietly sucked, smoked his pipe not to listen to his wife's language (= what she was saying)
    mēs klusējām un, domās iegrimuši, sūcām cigaretes ― we were silent and, absorbed in thought, we sucked, smoked cigarettes

Conjugation

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conjugation of sūkt
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es sūcu sūcu sūkšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu sūc sūci sūksi sūc
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa sūc sūca sūks lai sūc
1st pers. pl. mēs sūcam sūcām sūksim sūksim
2nd pers. pl. jūs sūcat sūcāt sūksiet,
sūksit 		sūciet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas sūc sūca sūks lai sūc
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present sūcot Present Active 1 (Adj.) sūcošs
Past esot sūcis Present Active 2 (Adv.) sūkdams
Future sūkšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) sūcot
Imperative lai sūcot Present Active 4 (Obj.) sūcam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active sūcis
Present sūktu Present Passive sūcams
Past būtu sūcis Past Passive sūkts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāsūc Infinitive (nenoteiksme) sūkt
Conjunctive 1 esot jāsūc Negative Infinitive nesūkt
Conjunctive 2 jāsūcot Verbal noun sūkšana

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:
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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sūkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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