schöpfen
German
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈʃœpfən/, [ˈʃœ.p͡fɱ̍], [-p͡f(ə)n], [-p͡ɸm̩], [-p͡ɸ(ə)n]
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) - Hyphenation: schöp‧fen
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle High German schepfen, from Old High German skephen, from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną, an originally weak verb. Likely denominal from *skapą, whence regional German Schaff (“wooden container or rack: tub, barrel; cupboard”). The rounding of the vowel was caused by the adjacent consonants (cf. zwölf and various other words with Middle High German /e/).
Verb
[edit]schöpfen (weak, third-person singular present schöpft, past tense schöpfte, past participle geschöpft, auxiliary haben) (usually transitive)
- to scoop up, to draw (water, sand etc.) with a bucket
- Sie ging zum Dorfbrunnen, um Wasser zu schöpfen.
- She went to the village well to draw water.
- (figurative) to draw (air), to inhale deeply
- Synonym: holen
- Als er oben war, blieb er stehen und schöpfte Luft.
- When he was up there, he stopped to draw air.
- (figurative) to draw, gain (strength, energy)
- (figurative) to take, gain, derive (something) from (in this sense there is a certain semantic overlap with the verb for “create” in etymology 2)
- Aus dem Reichtum seiner Sprache schöpft der Dichter immer neue Wörter und Bedeutungen.
- From the abundance of his language, the poet gains ever new words and meanings.
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | schöpfen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | schöpfend | ||||
| past participle | geschöpft | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich schöpfe | wir schöpfen | i | ich schöpfe | wir schöpfen |
| du schöpfst | ihr schöpft | du schöpfest | ihr schöpfet | ||
| er schöpft | sie schöpfen | er schöpfe | sie schöpfen | ||
| preterite | ich schöpfte | wir schöpften | ii | ich schöpfte1 | wir schöpften1 |
| du schöpftest | ihr schöpftet | du schöpftest1 | ihr schöpftet1 | ||
| er schöpfte | sie schöpften | er schöpfte1 | sie schöpften1 | ||
| imperative | schöpf (du) schöpfe (du) |
schöpft (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle High German schepfen, from Old High German skephen, from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną, an originally strong verb, which is continued in schaffen, schuf, geschaffen, the form schaffen being backformed from the past participle. Already in Old High German, weak forms also developed through confusion with etymology 1 above (just as vice versa, though less often, strong forms appear in the sense “to scoop”).
Verb
[edit]schöpfen (weak, third-person singular present schöpft, past tense schöpfte, past participle geschöpft, auxiliary haben)
Usage notes
[edit]- The stem schöpf- remains common in the derivatives below. Based on these, schöpfen (“to create”) still sees occasional use in higher register, but is on the whole now archaic.
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | schöpfen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | schöpfend | ||||
| past participle | geschöpft | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich schöpfe | wir schöpfen | i | ich schöpfe | wir schöpfen |
| du schöpfst | ihr schöpft | du schöpfest | ihr schöpfet | ||
| er schöpft | sie schöpfen | er schöpfe | sie schöpfen | ||
| preterite | ich schöpfte | wir schöpften | ii | ich schöpfte1 | wir schöpften1 |
| du schöpftest | ihr schöpftet | du schöpftest1 | ihr schöpftet1 | ||
| er schöpfte | sie schöpften | er schöpfte1 | sie schöpften1 | ||
| imperative | schöpf (du) schöpfe (du) |
schöpft (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German archaic forms