sortir
Catalan
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:etymology at line 147: Old Occitan (pro) is not set as an ancestor of Catalan (ca) in Module:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Catalan is Old Catalan (roa-oca). (compare Occitan sortir), from Latin sortīrī (“to select”) (present active infinitive of sortior), probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre; cf. also Old Catalan surt, surta).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [surˈti]
- IPA(key): (Valencian) [soɾˈtiɾ]
- Homophone: sortí
- Rhymes: -i(ɾ)
Verb
sortir (first-person singular present surto, first-person singular preterite sortí, past participle sortit)
- to go out, to leave
- to come out, to appear, to emerge
- to come out, to be published, to be made known
- to end up, to turn out
Conjugation
Synonyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- “sortir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “sortir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “sortir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “sortir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
From Latin sortīrī (“to select”) (present active infinitive of sortior), probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre). Compare French sortir, Italian sortire, compare also Spanish surtir.
Verb
sortir
- (intransitive) to exit, go out, come out
- (transitive) to take out, bring out
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | sortir | étre sorti | |||||
gerund | sortent | étent sorti | |||||
auxiliary verb | étre | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sorti | [Term?] | |||||
plural | [Term?] | [Term?] | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | jo (j') | tu (t') | il/elli | nos | vos | ils | |
present | sorto | sors | sort | sortens | sortids | sortont | |
imperfect | sortien | sortias | sortiêt | sortians | sortiâds | sortiant | |
preterite | sorti | sortis | sortit | sortirons | sortites, sortirâds | sortiront | |
future | sortiré | sortirés | sortirat | sortirens | sortiréds | sortiront | |
conditional | sortiren | sortirias | sortirêt | sortirians | sortiriâds | sortiriant | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of étre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of étre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il/el | que nos | que vos | qu'ils/els | |
present | sorto | sortes | sorte | sortans | sortiâds | sortant | |
imperfect | sortissen | sortissias | sortisse | sortissians | sortissiâds | sortissant | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of étre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of étre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | te | — | nos | vos | — | |
sors | sortens | sortids |
French
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin sortīrī, present active infinitive of sortior, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre). Compare Italian sortire, compare also Spanish surtir.
Pronunciation
Verb
sortir
- (intransitive) to exit, go out, come out
- (transitive) to take out, bring out
Usage notes
- This verb uses the auxiliary verb avoir when used transitively (or with a transitive sense, even when the complement is omitted); otherwise (when it is intransitive), it uses être. Hence:
- Elle est sortie. “She went out.”
- Elle a sorti un crayon. “She took out a pencil.”
Conjugation
This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include partir and dormir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms (je, tu) sors and (il) sort in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *sortis and *sortit (as in the past historic).
infinitive | simple | sortir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | sortant /sɔʁ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | sorti /sɔʁ.ti/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sors /sɔʁ/ |
sors /sɔʁ/ |
sort /sɔʁ/ |
sortons /sɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
sortez /sɔʁ.te/ |
sortent /sɔʁt/ |
imperfect | sortais /sɔʁ.tɛ/ |
sortais /sɔʁ.tɛ/ |
sortait /sɔʁ.tɛ/ |
sortions /sɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
sortiez /sɔʁ.tje/ |
sortaient /sɔʁ.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | sortis /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortis /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortit /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortîmes /sɔʁ.tim/ |
sortîtes /sɔʁ.tit/ |
sortirent /sɔʁ.tiʁ/ | |
future | sortirai /sɔʁ.ti.ʁe/ |
sortiras /sɔʁ.ti.ʁa/ |
sortira /sɔʁ.ti.ʁa/ |
sortirons /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ |
sortirez /sɔʁ.ti.ʁe/ |
sortiront /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | sortirais /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ |
sortirais /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ |
sortirait /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ |
sortirions /sɔʁ.ti.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sortiriez /sɔʁ.ti.ʁje/ |
sortiraient /sɔʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sorte /sɔʁt/ |
sortes /sɔʁt/ |
sorte /sɔʁt/ |
sortions /sɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
sortiez /sɔʁ.tje/ |
sortent /sɔʁt/ |
imperfect2 | sortisse /sɔʁ.tis/ |
sortisses /sɔʁ.tis/ |
sortît /sɔʁ.ti/ |
sortissions /sɔʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ |
sortissiez /sɔʁ.ti.sje/ |
sortissent /sɔʁ.tis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sors /sɔʁ/ |
— | sortons /sɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
sortez /sɔʁ.te/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
See also
Noun
sortir m (plural sortirs)
Further reading
- “sortir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norman
Alternative forms
- sorti (Jersey)
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin sortīrī, present active infinitive of sortior, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre).
Verb
sortir
Romansch
Alternative forms
- (Surmiran) sorteir
Etymology
From Latin sortīrī, present active infinitive of sortior, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre). Compare Italian sortire, French sortir.
Verb
sortir
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
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- Franco-Provençal terms inherited from Latin
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