vigil

See also: Vigil

English

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old French vigile, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). See also wake, from the same root.

Related to vigor, and more distantly compare vis and vital, from similar Proto-Indo-European roots and meanings (lively, power, life), via Latin. For use of “live, alive” in sense “watching”, compare qui vive.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɪdʒəl/
• Rhymes: -ɪdʒəl

Noun

vigil (plural vigils)

1. An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
2. A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.

   His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.

3. The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.
4. A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.

   The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.

Synonyms

• (watch, especially at night): lookout, look-out, qui vive, watch

Related terms

• vigilance
• vigilant

Translations

keeping awake

• Asturian: vixilia (ast) f
• Bulgarian: бде́ние (bg) n (bdénie)
• Catalan: vetlla (ca) f, vigília (ca) f
• Czech: bdění n
• Dutch: waak (nl), wake (nl)
• Finnish: valvominen (fi), valvojaiset pl; yövartio
• French: veille (fr) f
• Galician: vixilia f
• Georgian: სიფხიზლე (sipxizle), ფხიზლობა (pxizloba)
• German: Wache (de)
• Greek: αγρυπνία (el) f (agrypnía)
• Italian: veglia (it) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Korean: 밤샘 (bam-saem), 밤새움 (bam-saeum)
• Polish: czuwanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: vigília (pt) f
• Romanian: veghe (ro), gardă (ro)
• Russian: бде́ние (ru) n (bdénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: bdjénje (sh) n, bdȉjēnje n

• Slovak: bdenie n
• Spanish: vigilia (es) f
• Swedish: vaka (sv) c

period of observation or surveillance

• Finnish: vartio (fi), vartiovuoro, vahti (fi)
• Greek: επαγρύπνηση (el) f (epagrýpnisi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Portuguese: vigia (pt) f
• Romanian: așteptare (ro), observare (ro)

eve of a religious festival

• Finnish: aatto (fi)
• Greek: ολονυκτία (el) f (olonyktía)

  Ancient: παννυχίς f (pannukhís)

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Latin: pervigilium n
• Portuguese: vigília (pt) f
• Spanish: vigilia (es) f, víspera (es) f
• Welsh: gwylnos f

quiet demonstration

• Finnish: hiljainen mielenosoitus
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Irish: ^{(please verify)} cathais f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”), whence vigeō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯i.ɡil/, [ˈu̯ɪɡɪɫ̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.d͡ʒil/, [ˈviːd͡ʒil]

Adjective

vigil (genitive vigilis); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. awake, watching, alert

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	vigil			vigilēs	vigilia
Genitive	vigilis			vigilium
Dative	vigilī			vigilibus
Accusative	vigilem	vigil		vigilēs	vigilia
Ablative	vigilī			vigilibus
Vocative	vigil			vigilēs	vigilia

Noun

vigil m (genitive vigilis); third declension

1. watchman, guard, sentinel
2. (in the plural) the watch, police

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vigil	vigilēs
Genitive	vigilis	vigilum
Dative	vigilī	vigilibus
Accusative	vigilem	vigilēs
Ablative	vigile	vigilibus
Vocative	vigil	vigilēs

Derived terms

• vigilia
• vigilō

Descendants

• French: vigile
• Irish: feighil
• Italian: vigile
• Portuguese: vígil
• Romanian: vigil, veghe

References

• “vigil”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vigil”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vigil in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.