χλωρός
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *kʰlōrós, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. Related to χλοερός (khloerós, “verdant”) and χλόη (khlóē, “the green of new growth”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰlɔː.rós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰloˈros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xloˈros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xloˈros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xloˈros/
Adjective
[edit]χλωρός • (khlōrós) m (feminine χλωρᾱ́, neuter χλωρόν); first/second declension
- greenish-yellow, pale green (color/colour)
- (in general) pale, pallid
- New Testament, Revelation 6:8:
- καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὄνομα αὐτῷ [ὁ] Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ ἅδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦ
- kaì eîdon, kaì idoù híppos khlōrós, kaì ho kathḗmenos epánō autoû ónoma autôi [ho] Thánatos, kaì ho hádēs ēkoloúthei met' autoû
- And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. (KJV)
- καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὄνομα αὐτῷ [ὁ] Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ ἅδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦ
- fresh, verdant, unripe, blooming
- youthful
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | χλωρός khlōrós |
χλωρᾱ́ khlōrā́ |
χλωρόν khlōrón |
χλωρώ khlōrṓ |
χλωρᾱ́ khlōrā́ |
χλωρώ khlōrṓ |
χλωροί khlōroí |
χλωραί khlōraí |
χλωρᾰ́ khlōrá | |||||
Genitive | χλωροῦ khlōroû |
χλωρᾶς khlōrâs |
χλωροῦ khlōroû |
χλωροῖν khlōroîn |
χλωραῖν khlōraîn |
χλωροῖν khlōroîn |
χλωρῶν khlōrôn |
χλωρῶν khlōrôn |
χλωρῶν khlōrôn | |||||
Dative | χλωρῷ khlōrôi |
χλωρᾷ khlōrâi |
χλωρῷ khlōrôi |
χλωροῖν khlōroîn |
χλωραῖν khlōraîn |
χλωροῖν khlōroîn |
χλωροῖς khlōroîs |
χλωραῖς khlōraîs |
χλωροῖς khlōroîs | |||||
Accusative | χλωρόν khlōrón |
χλωρᾱ́ν khlōrā́n |
χλωρόν khlōrón |
χλωρώ khlōrṓ |
χλωρᾱ́ khlōrā́ |
χλωρώ khlōrṓ |
χλωρούς khlōroús |
χλωρᾱ́ς khlōrā́s |
χλωρᾰ́ khlōrá | |||||
Vocative | χλωρέ khlōré |
χλωρᾱ́ khlōrā́ |
χλωρόν khlōrón |
χλωρώ khlōrṓ |
χλωρᾱ́ khlōrā́ |
χλωρώ khlōrṓ |
χλωροί khlōroí |
χλωραί khlōraí |
χλωρᾰ́ khlōrá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
χλωρῶς khlōrôs |
χλωρότερος khlōróteros |
χλωρότᾰτος khlōrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἔγχλωρος (énkhlōros)
- μελᾰ́γχλωρος (melánkhlōros)
- μελᾰνόχλωρος (melanókhlōros)
- μελῐ́χλωρος (melíkhlōros)
- ὑπόχλωρος (hupókhlōros)
- χλωρᾰ́ζω (khlōrázō)
- χλωρᾰθέω (khlōrathéō)
- χλωραίνομαι (khlōraínomai)
- χλωρᾰ́κοπον (khlōrákopon)
- χλώρᾰσμᾰ (khlṓrasma)
- χλωραύχην (khlōraúkhēn)
- χλωρᾰ́ω (khlōráō)
- χλωρεύς (khlōreús)
- χλωρηΐς (khlōrēḯs)
- χλωρῐ́ᾰσῐς (khlōríasis)
- χλωρῐᾰ́ω (khlōriáō)
- χλωρῐ́ζω (khlōrízō)
- χλωρῐκός (khlōrikós)
- χλωρῐ́ς (khlōrís)
- χλωρῖτῐς (khlōrîtis)
- χλωρῐ́ων (khlōríōn)
- χλωροβοτᾰ́νη (khlōrobotánē)
- χλωροειδής (khlōroeidḗs)
- χλωρόκομος (khlōrókomos)
- χλωροκῠρτῐ́ς (khlōrokurtís)
- χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
- χλωροποιός (khlōropoiós)
- χλωρόπτῐλος (khlōróptilos)
- χλωροσαῦρᾱ (khlōrosaûrā)
- χλωροστρουθῐ́ον (khlōrostrouthíon)
- χλωρότης (khlōrótēs)
- χλωρότομος (khlōrótomos)
- χλωρότῡρᾰ (khlōrótūra)
- χλωροφᾰ́γος (khlōrophágos)
- χλωροφῠλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (khlōrophulakíā)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]λευκός (leukós) | γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (killós), πολῐός (poliós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós) | ᾰ̓μαυρός (amaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās) |
ἐρῠθρός (eruthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (karū́kinos), κόκκῐνος (kókkinos), φοινός (phoinós) | πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphninos) | μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xanthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós) |
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos) | χλωρός (khlōrós) | χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās) |
κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kaláïnos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kuáneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huakínthinos) |
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos), οἶνοψ (oînops) | φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (halourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphúreos) | ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis) |
References
[edit]- “χλωρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χλωρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χλωρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χλωρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χλωρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5515 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- blooming idem, page 85.
- colourless idem, page 144.
- flower idem, page 329.
- fresh idem, page 344.
- grass-green idem, page 370.
- grassy idem, page 370.
- green idem, page 372.
- hale idem, page 381.
- hearty idem, page 392.
- pale idem, page 589.
- prime idem, page 640.
- sallow idem, page 732.
- verdant idem, page 948.
- vigorous idem, page 952.
- wan idem, page 961.
- white idem, page 977.
- yellow idem, page 995.
- young idem, page 997.
- youthful idem, page 997.
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]χλωρός • (chlorós) m (feminine χλωρή, neuter χλωρό)
- just sprouted, tender and green (especially plant, grass, etc.)
- (by extension) fresh
- Antonym: ξερός (xerós)
Declension
[edit]Declension of χλωρός
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | χλωρός • | χλωρή • | χλωρό • | χλωροί • | χλωρές • | χλωρά • |
genitive | χλωρού • | χλωρής • | χλωρού • | χλωρών • | χλωρών • | χλωρών • |
accusative | χλωρό • | χλωρή • | χλωρό • | χλωρούς • | χλωρές • | χλωρά • |
vocative | χλωρέ • | χλωρή • | χλωρό • | χλωροί • | χλωρές • | χλωρά • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο χλωρός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο χλωρός, etc.) |
Synonyms
[edit]- πράσινος (prásinos, “green”, adjective)
Derived terms
[edit]- χλωρό κρεμμυδάκι n (chloró kremmydáki, “spring onion”)
phrases:
- δε μ' αφήνει σε χλωρό κλαδί (de m' afínei se chloró kladí) / δε μ' αφήνει σε χλωρό κλαρί (de m' afínei se chloró klarí)
- μαζί με τα ξερά καίγονται και τα χλωρά (mazí me ta xerá kaígontai kai ta chlorá) (proverb)
Related terms
[edit]- χλωρο- (chloro-) compounds like χλωροφύλλη f (chlorofýlli, “chlorophyll”), χλωροφόρμιο n (chlorofórmio, “chloroform”)
- χλωρίδα f (chlorída, “flora”)
- χλώριο n (chlório, “chlorine”) (chemical element) & related terms, chiefly for chemistry
- Χλωρός m (Chlorós, “a male surname”)
- see
Χλωρός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
- see
- Terms with -χλωρ- with any accent — Anastasiadi-Symeonidi, Anna (2003) Αντίστροφο λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής (ΑΛΝΕ) [Α Reverse Index of Modern Greek (RIMG)] @ins Institute of Modern Greek Studies (Manolis Triandafyllidis Foundation) ISBN:960-231-097-9 & online @greek-language.gr (abbreviations, asterisk for literary words)
Further reading
[edit]- χλωρός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
- χλωρός - Charalambakis, Chistoforos et al. (2014) Χρηστικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Christiko lexiko tis Neoellhnikis Glossas) [A Practical dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek) Athens: Academy of Athens. (online since 2023 - abbreviations - symbols)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰelh₃-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Greens
- grc:Yellows
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ή-ό