کم
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭬 (km /kam/, “little, small”),[1] from Proto-Iranian *kam(b)-na- (“small”), from Proto-Iranian *kamb- (“small”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ (“few, small, insignificant”), probably related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin; new, fresh”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [kam]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰʲæm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰäm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | kam |
Dari reading? | kam |
Iranian reading? | kam |
Tajik reading? | kam |
Adjective
[edit]کم • (kam) (comparative کمتَر (kam-tar), superlative کمتَرین (kam-tarin))
Dari | کم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | кам |
Usage notes
[edit]Unlike most comparatives and superlatives, کمتر (kam-tar), and کمترین (kam-tarin) are frequently written joined, as کمتر (kamtar) and کمترین (kamtarin)
Derived terms
[edit](compound verbs)
(others)
Descendants
[edit]- → Assamese: কম (kom)
- → Azerbaijani: kəm
- → Bashkir: кәм (kəm, “insufficient, scarce; inferior”)
- → Bengali: কম (kom)
- → Hindustani:
- → Phalura: kam
- → Kazakh: кем (kem)
- → Punjabi:
- → Tamil: கம்மி (kammi)
- → Tatar: ким (kim)
- → Uzbek: kam
- → Yagnobi: кам (kam)
Etymology 2
[edit]Compare Persian شکم (šekam, “belly”).
Noun
[edit]کم • (kom)
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]کم • (kam)
References
[edit]- ^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 208
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 193
Punjabi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्म (karma).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]کَمّ • (kamm) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੰਮ)
Further reading
[edit]- “کم”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
Southwestern Fars
[edit]Noun
[edit]کم (kom)
- (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) belly
- (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) abdomen
- (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) tummy
- (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) stomach
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian کم (kam, “little, few”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kəm/
Audio: (file)
Adjective
[edit]کَم • (kam) (indeclinable, comparative کَمْتَر (kamtar), superlative کَمتَرِین (kamtarīn), Hindi spelling कम)
Derived terms
[edit]- کَم اَز کَم (kam az kam)
Adverb
[edit]کَم • (kam) (Hindi spelling कम)
Determiner
[edit]- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Persian nouns
- Persian dialectal terms
- Dashtestani Persian
- Persian pronouns
- fa:Anatomy
- Punjabi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Punjabi terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृ
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Punjabi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *kar-
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Punjabi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-
- Punjabi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Prakrit
- Punjabi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Punjabi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi nouns
- Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Punjabi masculine nouns
- Southwestern Fars lemmas
- Southwestern Fars nouns
- fay:Anatomy
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio links
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu indeclinable adjectives
- Urdu adverbs
- Urdu determiners