copula

English

Wikipedia

Etymology

From Latin copula (“bond, tie”), contraction of *co-apula, from co (“together”) + apere (“to join”)

Noun

copula (plural copulas or copulae)

1. (grammar) A word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial); it serves to unite (or associate) the subject with the predicate. (e.g. be).
2. (statistics) A function that represents the association between two or more variables, independent of the individual marginal distributions of the variables.
   • 2009 March 10, Dennis Overbye, “Mathematical Model and the Mortgage Mess”, New York Times:

     In 2000, David X. Li, a banker with a doctorate in statistics who was then at RiskMetrics, part of J. P. Morgan Chase , began using mathematical functions called Gaussian copulas to estimate the likelihood of corporations’ dying in unison.

3. (music) A device that connects two or more keyboards of an organ

Synonyms

• (grammar): linking verb, copular, copular verb

Related terms

terms related to copula

couple coupling copular

copulate copulation copulative

See also

• Appendix:List of English copulae
• Copula (statistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia:Copula (statistics)

Translations

grammar: linking kind of word

Arabic: رابطة (ar) (raabiTa) f., رابط (ar) (raabiT) m. Bosnian: kopula (bs) f. Chechen: хоттам Chinese: Mandarin: 係詞 (cmn), 系词 (cmn) (xìcí), 連詞 (cmn), 连词 (cmn) (liáncí), 連繫動詞 (cmn), 连系动词 (cmn) (liánxì dòngcí) Danish: kopula (da) n. Dutch: koppelwerkwoord (nl) n. Esperanto: ligverbo (eo) Finnish: kopula (fi) French: copule (fr) f. German: Kopula (de) n.

Icelandic: tengisögn (is) f. Italian: copula (it) f. Japanese: 繋辞 (ja) (けいじ, keiji), コピュラ (ja) (kopyura), 連辞 (ja) (れんじ, renji), 指定詞 (ja) (していし, shiteishi), コプラ (ja) (kopura) Russian: связка (ru) (svjázka) f., копула (ru) (kópula) f., глагол-связка (ru) (glagól-svjázka) Serbian: Cyrillic: копула (sr) m. Latin: kopula (sr) m. Spanish: cópula (es) f. Turkish: bağlaç (tr)

statistics: measure of association

External links

• copula in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• copula in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

Anagrams

• coupla
• cupola
• pocula

---

French

Pronunciation

• IPA: /kɔ.py.la/, X-SAMPA: /kO.py.la/
• Homophones: copulas, copulât

Verb

copula

1. third-person singular past historic of copuler

---

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin copula.

Noun

copula f. (plural copule)

1. copula
2. conjunction

Verb

copula

1. third-person singular present indicative of copulare
2. second-person singular imperative of copulare

Anagrams

• cupola

---

Latin

Etymology

For coapula, from co- + apere ‘to bond’.from Arabic Koofl: meaning lock, and Possibly semitic כפל ‘doubled’.

Noun

cōpula (genitive cōpulae); f, first declension

1. A bond, tie, or other connecting item.

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	cōpula	cōpulae
genitive	cōpulae	cōpulārum
dative	cōpulae	cōpulīs
accusative	cōpulam	cōpulās
ablative	cōpulā	cōpulīs
vocative	cōpula	cōpulae

Derived terms

• copulo

Descendants

English: couple French: couple, copule Italian: coppia, copula

Portuguese: copla, cópula Romanian: cuplă, cuplu Russian: ко́пула (kópula) Spanish: cobra, colla, copla, cópula

---

Spanish

Verb

copula (infinitive copular)

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of copular.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of copular.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of copular.