copula

See also cópula

English

Wikipedia

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin copula (“bond, tie”). See there for details.

Noun

copula (plural copulas or copulae)

1. (grammar) A word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial); it serves to unite (or associate) the subject with the predicate. (e.g. be).
2. (statistics) A function that represents the association between two or more variables, independent of the individual marginal distributions of the variables.
   • 2009 March 10, Dennis Overbye, “Mathematical Model and the Mortgage Mess”, New York Times:

     In 2000, David X. Li, a banker with a doctorate in statistics who was then at RiskMetrics, part of J. P. Morgan Chase , began using mathematical functions called Gaussian copulas to estimate the likelihood of corporations’ dying in unison.

3. (music) A device that connects two or more keyboards of an organ

Synonyms

• (grammar): linking verb, copular, copular verb

Related terms

terms related to copula

couple coupling copular

copulate copulation copulative

See also

• Appendix:List of English copulae
• Copula (statistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia:Copula (statistics)

Translations

grammar: linking kind of word

• Arabic: رابطة (ar) (raabiTa) f, رابط (ar) (raabiT) m
• Chechen: хоттам
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 係詞 (cmn), 系词 (cmn) (xìcí), 連詞 (cmn), 连词 (cmn) (liáncí), 連繫動詞 (cmn), 连系动词 (cmn) (liánxì dòngcí)

• Danish: kopula (da) n
• Dutch: koppelwerkwoord (nl) n
• Esperanto: ligverbo (eo)
• Finnish: kopula (fi)
• French: copule (fr) f
• German: Kopula (de) n

• Greek: συνδετικό ρήμα (el) (sindetikó ríma)
• Icelandic: tengisögn (is) f
• Italian: copula (it) f
• Japanese: 繋辞 (ja) (けいじ, keiji), コピュラ (ja) (kopyura), 連辞 (ja) (れんじ, renji), 指定詞 (ja) (していし, shiteishi), コプラ (ja) (kopura)
• Polish: łącznik (pl) m, spójka (pl) f
• Russian: связка (ru) (svjázka) f, копула (ru) (kópula) f, глагол-связка (ru) (glagól-svjázka)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: копула (sh) m

  Latin: kopula (sh) m

• Spanish: cópula (es) f
• Turkish: bağlaç (tr)

statistics: measure of association

External links

• copula in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• copula in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

Anagrams

• coupla
• cupola
• pocula

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA: /kɔ.py.la/, X-SAMPA: /kO.py.la/
• Homophones: copulas, copulât

Verb

copula

1. third-person singular past historic of copuler

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Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin copula. Cognate to Italian coppia, from the same source, but inherited.

Noun

copula f (plural copule)

1. copula
2. conjunction

Verb

copula

1. third-person singular present indicative of copulare
2. second-person singular imperative of copulare

Anagrams

• cupola

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Latin

Etymology

Contraction of *co-apula, from co (“together”) + apere (“to join”), apō (“I join”).

Noun

cōpula (genitive cōpulae); f, first declension

1. A bond, tie, or other connecting item.

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	cōpula	cōpulae
genitive	cōpulae	cōpulārum
dative	cōpulae	cōpulīs
accusative	cōpulam	cōpulās
ablative	cōpulā	cōpulīs
vocative	cōpula	cōpulae

Derived terms

• copulo

Descendants

English: couple French: couple, copule Guernésiais: couplle Italian: coppia, copula Jèrriais: coupl'ye

Portuguese: copla, cópula Romanian: cuplă, cuplu Russian: ко́пула (kópula) Spanish: cobra, colla, copla, cópula

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Spanish

Verb

copula (infinitive copular)

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of copular.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of copular.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of copular.