sop

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See also: SOP and söp

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English sop, soppe, sope, from Old English sopa (“sopped bread”), from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare Dutch sop, Old High German sopfa), deverbative of *sūpaną (“to sup”). More at sup; compare soup.

Noun[edit]

sop (countable and uncountable, plural sops)

  1. Something entirely soaked.
  2. A piece of solid food to be soaked in liquid food.
  3. (figurative) Ellipsis of sop to Cerberus; something given or done to pacify or bribe.
    • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] LXXXVIII. A Man Bit by a Dog.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 85:
      Ill Nature, in fine, is not to be Cur’d with a Sop; but on the contrary, Quarrelſome Men, as well as Quarrelſome Currs are worſe for fair Uſage.
    • 1996, Bernard Knox, Introduction to Robert Fagles's translation of The Odyssey:
      The suggested petrification of the ship is a sop to gratify Poseidon and compensate him for a concession--the Phaeacians will not be cut off from the sea.
    • 2020, Robert Kagan, “China’s dangerous Taiwan temptation”, in Washington Post‎[1]:
      That agreement, with its lofty promises of “one country, two systems,” was a fig leaf, as most knew at the time — a sop to Western consciences guilty for condemning the people of Hong Kong to their ultimate fate as wards of Beijing. What is happening today is exactly what was predicted and exactly what Chinese leaders intended. Our outrage, while appropriate, is also embarrassing.
    • 2024 January 2, David A. Graham, “An Old-Fashioned Scandal Fells a New Harvard President”, in The Atlantic‎[2]:
      Conservatives have long had it out for Gay, Harvard’s first Black president, whose appointment they viewed as a sop to progressive diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives.
  4. (derogatory) Ellipsis of milksop; a weak, easily frightened or ineffectual person.
  5. (Appalachia) Gravy.
  6. (obsolete) A thing of little or no value.
    • 1988 August 20, Rex Wockner, “Nobody Can Do It Like The USA”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 6, page 5:
      Here, in Barcelona, your streets are alive at night, you walk, you eat for hours, you interact, you share your minds. Americans watch their 91 channels of superficial satellite sop. The whole country and everything you've ever believed about it really functions only on the surface.
  7. A piece of turf placed in the road as a target for a throw in road bowling.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
easily frightened person — see milksop
gravy — see gravy

Verb[edit]

sop (third-person singular simple present sops, present participle sopping, simple past and past participle sopped)

  1. (transitive) To steep or dip in any liquid.
    • 1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 29:
      A messe of milke sopt with white bread.
    • 1928, Newman Ivey White, American Negro Folk-Songs, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, page 227:
      When I die, don't bury me deep, / Put a jug of 'lasses at my feet, / And a piece of corn bread in my hand, / Gwine to sop my way to the promised land.
    • 1945 December 27, Emily Post, “Sopping Bread May Be Done”, in The Spokesman-Review‎[3]:
      So again let me say that sopping bread into gravy can be done properly merely by putting a piece down on the gravy and then soaking it with the help of a knife and fork as though it were any other food. But taking a soft piece of bread and pushing it under the sauce with your fingers, submerging them as well as the bread, or even wiping the plate with it would be very bad manners indeed.
  2. (intransitive) To soak in, or be soaked; to percolate.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

sop (plural sops)

  1. (music, informal) Clipping of soprano.

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch sop, from Middle Dutch sop (“soup”), from Old Dutch *sop, from Proto-Germanic *suppą.

Noun[edit]

sop (plural soppe)

  1. soup
  2. broth

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch sop (“soup”), from Old Dutch *sop, from Proto-Germanic *suppą. In the sense “water with soap” it is a shortening of zeepsop.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sop n (plural soppen, diminutive sopje n)

  1. water with soap, usually for washing
  2. the sea in terms of somebody who will sail on it
    Het ruime sop kiezen.
    To set sail.
  3. (now dialectal) Archaic form of soep.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Afrikaans: sop

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch sop.

Noun[edit]

sop (first-person possessive sopku, second-person possessive sopmu, third-person possessive sopnya)

  1. soup

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Irish sop(p), from Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sop m (genitive singular soip, nominative plural soip)

  1. wisp, small bundle (of straw, etc.)
  2. straw bedding; (straw) bed

Declension[edit]

Declension of sop

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative sop soip
Vocative a shoip a shopa
Genitive soip sop
Dative sop soip

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an sop na soip
Genitive an tsoip na sop
Dative leis an sop

don sop

leis na soip

Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

sop (present analytic sopann, future analytic sopfaidh, verbal noun sopadh, past participle soptha)

  1. (transitive) light with straw

Conjugation[edit]

conjugation of sop (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present sopaim sopann tú;
sopair† 		sopann sé, sí sopaimid sopann sibh sopann siad;
sopaid† 		a shopann; a shopas /
a sopann*; a sopas* 		soptar
past shop mé; shopas shop tú; shopais shop sé, sí shopamar; shop muid shop sibh; shopabhair shop siad; shopadar a shop /
ar shop* 		sopadh
past habitual shopainn / sopainn‡‡ shoptá / soptᇇ shopadh sé, sí / sopadh sé, s퇇 shopaimis; shopadh muid / sopaimis‡‡; sopadh muid‡‡ shopadh sibh / sopadh sibh‡‡ shopaidís; shopadh siad / sopaidís‡‡; sopadh siad‡‡ a shopadh /
a sopadh* 		shoptaí / sopta퇇
future sopfaidh mé;
sopfad 		sopfaidh tú;
sopfair† 		sopfaidh sé, sí sopfaimid;
sopfaidh muid 		sopfaidh sibh sopfaidh siad;
sopfaid† 		a shopfaidh; a shopfas /
a sopfaidh*; a sopfas* 		sopfar
conditional shopfainn / sopfainn‡‡ shopfá / sopfᇇ shopfadh sé, sí / sopfadh sé, s퇇 shopfaimis; shopfadh muid / sopfaimis‡‡; sopfadh muid‡‡ shopfadh sibh / sopfadh sibh‡‡ shopfaidís; shopfadh siad / sopfaidís‡‡; sopfadh siad‡‡ a shopfadh /
a sopfadh* 		shopfaí / sopfa퇇
subjunctive present go sopa mé;
go sopad† 		go sopa tú;
go sopair† 		go sopa sé, sí go sopaimid;
go sopa muid 		go sopa sibh go sopa siad;
go sopaid† 		— go soptar
past dá sopainn dá soptá dá sopadh sé, sí dá sopaimis;
dá sopadh muid 		dá sopadh sibh dá sopaidís;
dá sopadh siad 		— dá soptaí
imperative sopaim sop sopadh sé, sí sopaimis sopaigí;
sopaidh† 		sopaidís — soptar
verbal noun sopadh
past participle soptha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
sop shop
after an, tsop 		not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sop”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 180, page 91
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 9, page 7

Further reading[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

sop

  1. small amount of food

Swedish[edit]

Noun[edit]

sop c

  1. a broom with a (usually rectangular) brush at the end
    Synonyms: sopborste, sopkvast
    Hämta sopen
    Get the broom
  2. (colloquial) a container for garbage
    Synonym: (more common) soporna
    Släng den i sopen!
    Throw it in the bin!

Declension[edit]

Declension of sop 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative sop sopen sopar soparna
Genitive sops sopens sopars soparnas

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Tok Pisin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English soap.

Noun[edit]

sop

  1. cleaner
    sop bilong tit ― toothpaste

West Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

sop n (plural soppen, diminutive sopke)

  1. juice
  2. soup

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “sop”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Uvean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English soap.

Noun[edit]

sop

  1. soap

References[edit]

  • Claire Moyse-Faurie, Borrowings from Romance languages in Oceanic languages, in Aspects of Language Contact (2008, →ISBN
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