不幸

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Chinese

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not; no fortunate; lucky
simp. and trad.
(不幸)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Initial () (1) (1) (1) (33)
Final () (136) (136) (60) (117)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed Open
Division () III III III II
Fanqie
Baxter pjuw pjuwX pjut heangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨu/ /pɨuX/ /pɨut̚/ /ɦˠɛŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/piu/ /piuX/ /piut̚/ /ɦᵚæŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/piəu/ /piəuX/ /piuət̚/ /ɣɐŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/puw/ /puwX/ /put̚/ /ɦəɨjŋX/
Li
Rong
/piu/ /piuX/ /piuət̚/ /ɣɛŋX/
Wang
Li
/pĭəu/ /pĭəuX/ /pĭuət̚/ /ɣæŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯ə̯u/ /pi̯ə̯uX/ /pi̯uət̚/ /ɣæŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fōu fǒu fu hèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fau1 fau2 fat1 hang6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xìng
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjuw › ‹ pjuw › ‹ hɛngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*pə/ /*pə/ /*[ɡ]ˁreŋʔ/
English not 不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn) fortunate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
No. 1025 1029 1048 13881
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pɯ/ /*pɯʔ/ /*pɯ'/ /*ɡreːŋʔ/
Notes

Adjective

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不幸

  1. unfortunate; sad

Synonyms

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edit

Adverb

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不幸

  1. unfortunately; sadly

Synonyms

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Noun

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不幸

  1. (countable, uncountable) misfortune; adversity; sadness (Classifier: m)

Verb

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不幸

  1. (Classical, euphemistic) to die

Synonyms

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edit

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (不幸):

Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
こう
Grade: 3
goon kan'on

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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()(こう) (fukōふかう (fukau)?-na (adnominal ()(こう) (fukō na), adverbial ()(こう) (fukō ni))

  1. unfortunate
  2. unhappy

Inflection

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Noun

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()(こう) (fukōふかう (fukau)?

  1. misfortune
  2. sorrow, unhappiness
  3. (euphemistic) death of a relative; bereavement

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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不幸 (bulhaeng) (hangeul 불행)

  1. hanja form? of 불행 (unhappiness; misfortune)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Adjective

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不幸

  1. chữ Hán form of bất hạnh (unfortunate; unlucky; ill-fated).