侵

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侵 U+4FB5, 侵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FB5
← 侴
[U+4FB4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 侶 →
[U+4FB6]

Translingual

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Han character

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侵 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人尸一水 (OSME), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰亻𠬶)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 646
  • Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 166, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+4FB5

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 侵
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j19020
j19021
j19022
j19023
j19024
j19025
j19026
j19027
j19028
j19029
j19030
j19031
j19032
j19033
j19034
j19035
j19036
b12332
s05791
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33710
L33711
L33712
L33713
L12221
L12222
L12223
L12224
L12225
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (侵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鋟 *ʔsem, *sʰem, *sʰimʔ
綅 *sem, *ʔsim, *sʰim
祲 *ʔsim, *ʔsims
埐 *ʔsim, *zim
梫 *ʔsim, *sʰimʔ, *sʰrim
濅 *ʔsimʔ, *ʔsims
浸 *ʔsims, *sʰim
侵 *sʰim
駸 *sʰim, *sʰrim
寢 *sʰimʔ
寑 *sʰimʔ
薓 *srim

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 帚 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – a person with a broom in hand.

Etymology 1

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trad. 侵
simp. # 侵
2nd round simp. ⿰亻彐
alternative forms 㑴
𢔀

Two Sino-Tibetan etymologies are possible:

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 侵
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰin¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/
/t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰin⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰim⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sim²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐm⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡seiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰim⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sim²³/
Rime
Character 侵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七林切
Baxter tshim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰim/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiəm/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 侵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ][i]m/
English invade

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 侵
Reading # 1/1
No. 10484
Phonetic
component 		侵
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		侵
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰim/
Notes 甲金文象持帚驅策牛豕以至人，
穀樑傳隱五年：苞人民毆牛馬曰侵

Definitions

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侵

  1. (literary) to gradually go in
  2. to invade; to encroach
    侵略  ―  qīnlüè  ―  to invade
  3. approaching
    侵晨  ―  qīnchén  ―  the approach of daybreak
  4. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 侵
simp. # 侵
alternative forms 摻／掺

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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侵 (Cantonese)

  1. to add in (water or other fluid)
  2. to allow (somebody) to join
    佢哋唔侵我玩。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    keoi5 dei6 m4 cam1 ngo5 waan4-2. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “侵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 189.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 侵
Kyūjitai
[1]
侵󠄁
侵+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
侵󠄃
侵+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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侵

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to invade
  2. to raid
  3. to encroach, to trespass
  4. to violate

Readings

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References

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  1. ^ “侵”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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侵 (eum 침 (chim))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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侵: Hán Nôm readings: xâm, xăm, xơm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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