十九

Chinese

		ten	nine
simp. and trad. (十九)		十	九
anagram		九十

Chinese cardinal numbers

<  18	19	20  >
Cardinal : 十九 (shíjiǔ)

Etymology

十 (shí) +‎ 九 (jiǔ).

“umpteen”

See 濕鳩／湿鸠.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shíjiǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si² jiu³

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sap⁶ gau²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sip⁵ giu²

• Gan (Wiktionary): siit⁷ jiu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-kiú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): seb⁶ giu³

• Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵ jiou²
• Northern Min (KCR): sí-giǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk-gāu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p-káu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸ gao²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸zeq-cieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr⁶ jiou³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíjiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhjiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-chiu³
    • Yale: shŕ-jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrjeou
    • Palladius: шицзю (šiczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: si² jiu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sgiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕiou⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sap⁶ gau²
    • Yale: sahp gáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ gau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ geo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚² kɐu̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sip⁵ giu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sip̚³² kiu⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: siit⁷ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨt̚² t͡ɕiu²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-kiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: siib giu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶ giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ ki̯u³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: seb⁶ giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵ kiu³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: seh⁵ jiou²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴⁻² t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-giǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁴ kiu²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk-gāu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ kau³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-káu
    • Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-káu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zabkao
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² kau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zab⁸ gao²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p káu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻² kau⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸zeq-cieu
    • MiniDict: zeh^入 cieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq-jieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shr⁶ jiou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyip kjuwX

Rime
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (141)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	是執切	舉有切
Baxter	dzyip	kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/	/kɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/	/kiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/	/kiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/	/kuwX/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/	/kiuX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/	/kĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/	/ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap6	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp  [k]uʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub  kuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›	‹ kjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/	/*[k]uʔ/
English	ten	nine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11452	6941
Phonetic component	十	九
Rime group	緝	幽
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	十	久
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/	/*kuʔ/

Numeral

十九

1. nineteen; 19

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十九):

• → Japanese: 十九(じゅうきゅう) (jūkyū)
• → Korean: 십구(十九) (sipgu)

Noun

十九

1. nine tenth; the majority

   alt. forms: 什九, 拾玖

Determiner

十九

1. (Cantonese) umpteen

   十九幾個／十九几个 [Cantonese]  ―  sap⁶ gau² gei² go³ [Jyutping]  ―  umpteen amount(s) of

   • 對對本為消遣作樂，今日穿腸兄竟然對到嘔十九幾兩血，可謂曠古鑠今，小弟拜服拜服！ [Cantonese, trad.]
     对对本为消遣作乐，今日穿肠兄竟然对到呕十九几两血，可谓旷古铄今，小弟拜服拜服！ [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 1993, Lee Lik-chi, Flirting Scholar (spoken by Stephen Chow)

     deoi³ deoi^3-2 bun² wai⁴ siu¹ hin² zok³ lok⁶, gam¹ jat⁶ cyun¹ coeng⁴ hing¹ ging² jin⁴ deoi³ dou³ au¹ sap⁶ gau² gei² loeng^5-2 hyut³, ho² wai⁶ kwong³ gu² lik¹ gam¹, siu² dai⁶ baai³ fuk⁶ baai³ fuk⁶! [Jyutping]

     Writing couplets is originally only a form of entertainment, but today Mr. Chuen Cheung is vomiting loads of blood. This is so unprecedented, I admire you!

Japanese

Kanji in this term
十	九
じゅう Grade: 1	きゅう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Japanese cardinal numbers

<  18	19	20  >
Cardinal : 十九

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨᵝːkʲɨᵝː]

Numeral

十(じゅう)九(きゅう) • (jūkyū) 

1. nineteen; 19

Coordinate terms

Japanese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Regular	零(れい) (rei) 零(ゼロ) (zero)	一(いち) (ichi)	二(に) (ni)	三(さん) (san)	四(よん) (yon) 四(し) (shi)	五(ご) (go)	六(ろく) (roku)	七(なな) (nana) 七(しち) (shichi)	八(はち) (hachi)	九(きゅう) (kyū) 九(く) (ku)	十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal		壱(いち) (ichi)	弐(に) (ni)	参(さん) (san)							拾(じゅう) (jū)
	90	100	300	600	800	1,000	3,000	8,000	10,000	100,000,000
Regular	九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū)	百(ひゃく) (hyaku) 一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)	三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku)	六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku)	八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku)	千(せん) (sen) 一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)	三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen)	八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen)	一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman)	一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal									一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
	1012	8×1012	1013	1016	6×1016	8×1016	1017	1018
	一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō)	八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō)	十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō)	一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei)	六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei)	八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei)	十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei)	百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

Korean

Hanja in this term
十	九

Numeral

十九 • (sipgu) (hangeul 십구)

1. Hanja form^? of 십구 (“nineteen”).