契

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契 U+5951, 契
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5951
← 奐
[U+5950] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 奒 →
[U+5952]

契 U+F909, 契
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F909
← 龜
[U+F908] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 金 →
[U+F90A]

Translingual

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Han character

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契 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition ⿱㓞大(GHTKV) or ⿱𭃌大(J))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5917
  • Dae Jaweon: page 513, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 536, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5951

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 契
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (丯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
夆 *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds
丯 *kreːds
瘛 *kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed
觢 *ɡjeds
契 *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd
栔 *kʰeːds
禊 *ɡeːds
稧 *ɡeːds
楔 *kreːd, *sqʰeːd
葜 *kʰreːd
猰 *qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd
窫 *qreːd
揳 *sqʰeːd
偰 *sqʰeːd
潔 *keːd
絜 *keːd, *ɡeːd
鍥 *keːd, *kʰeːd
挈 *kʰeːd
蛪 *kʰeːd
齧 *ŋeːd
褉 *qʰeːd
喫 *ŋ̊ʰeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 㓞 (, “to engrave”) + semantic 大 (“person”).

Etymology 1

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trad. 契
simp. # 契
alternative forms 栔

Exopassive of 鍥 (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • khòe - vernacular;
    • khè - literary.
Rime
Character 契
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦計切
Baxter khejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰeiH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 契 契
Reading # 1/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qì qiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khejH › ‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʰ]ˁet-s/ /*kʰˁet/
English script notches cut

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契
Reading # 1/4
No. 6493
Phonetic
component 		丯
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		契
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰeːds/

Definitions

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契

  1. contract; deed
  2. to agree; to conform with; to tally with
  3. (literary) to carve; to engrave
  4. (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
  5. (Cantonese, Southern Min) adopted; adoptive; foster; sworn; nominal
    契細佬／契细佬 [Cantonese]  ―  kai3 sai3 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  blood brother; sworn younger brother
  6. (Cantonese) to form a nominal kinship with; to adopt

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 契
simp. # 契

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 契
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 迄 (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去迄切
Baxter khj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiət̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契
Reading # 4/4
No. 6519
Phonetic
component 		丯
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯd/

Definitions

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契

  1. Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).

Etymology 3

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trad. 契
simp. # 契
alternative forms 偰

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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契

  1. Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)

Etymology 4

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trad. 契
simp. # 契

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 契
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 屑 (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦結切
Baxter khet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰet̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰiet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 契
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁet/
English 契闊 hard-working (Ode 31.4)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 契 契
Reading # 2/4 3/4
No. 6511 6514
Phonetic
component 		丯 丯
Rime
group 		月 月
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		猰 猰
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰeːd/ /*kʰeːd/

Definitions

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契

  1. † Used in 契闊／契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
  2. † Alternative form of 挈 (“to take; to carry”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 契
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
契
&#xF909;
or
契+&#xFE00;?
契󠄁
契+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄅
契+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
契󠄂
契+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
契󠄄
契+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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契

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. pledge (allegiance)
  2. commit oneself
  3. promise (loyalty)

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH); compare Mandarin 契 (qì):

  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet); compare Mandarin 契 (qiè):

From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set); compare Mandarin 契 (xiè):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Compounds

Proper noun

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契(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. ^ “契”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khejH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)/게(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

契 (eumhun 맺을 계 (maejeul gye))

  1. hanja form? of 계 (“contract, bond; deed; engrave”)
  2. hanja form? of 계 (“a Korean rotating savings and credit association”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khet).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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契 (eumhun 애쓸 결 (aesseul gyeol))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of 결 (“to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC khj+t).

Historical readings

Hanja

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契 (eumhun 부족 이름 글 (bujok ireum geul))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of 글 (“a tribe name”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 4

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From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set).

Historical readings

Hanja

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契 (eumhun 사람 이름 설 (saram ireum seol))

  1. hanja form? of 설 (“used in personal names”)
  2. (historical) hanja form? of 설 (“Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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契: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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