結

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See also: 结
結 U+7D50, 結
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D50
← 絏
[U+7D4F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 絑 →
[U+7D51]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

結 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火土口 (VFGR), four-corner 24961, composition ⿰糹吉)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 921, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27398
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1354, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3390, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+7D50

Chinese[edit]

trad. 結
simp. 结

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (吉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秸 *kriːl, *kriːd
髻 *kiːds
夡 *kʰids
鴶 *kriːd
袺 *kriːd, *kiːd
頡 *kriːd, *ɡiːd
劼 *kʰriːd
硈 *kʰriːd
咭 *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
黠 *ɡriːd
聐 *ŋreːd
趌 *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
結 *kiːd
拮 *kiːd, *klid
桔 *kiːd
狤 *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
擷 *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
襭 *ɡiːd
翓 *ɡiːd
纈 *ɡiːd
吉 *klid
郆 *kid
詰 *kʰid
蛣 *kʰid
佶 *ɡlid, *ɡrid
鮚 *ɡrid
姞 *ɡrid
欯 *qʰlid
恄 *qʰlid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːd) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)i(t/k) (“to tie; to bind”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིག (khyig, “to bind”), Burmese ကျစ် (kyac, “to twist”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • jiē - “to bear (Mainland); to stammer”.
Note:
  • git3 - literary (all senses);
  • lit3 - vernacular (“knot”).
Note:
  • kat - vernacular (“to tie; knot; hangup; bundles”);
  • kiat/ket - literary (“to solidify; to sum up; written agreement; to form; to bear; fine and firm; loud and clear; to be in a knot”).
Note:
  • gag4 - vernacular;
  • gig4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 結
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ 不～果兒
/t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/ ～婚
Tianjin /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ ～婚
/t͡ɕie²¹/ ～實
Jinan /t͡ɕiə²¹³/
/t͡ɕiə⁴²/ 完～
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiə¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕie²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕieʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕieʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕia⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕie²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kiat̚¹/
Taoyuan /kiet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kit̚³/
Nanning /kit̚³³/
Hong Kong /kit̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kiat̚³²/
/kat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kiɛʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kiak̚²/
/kak̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/
/kak̚⁵/
/xak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 結
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 先 (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 古屑切
Baxter ket
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ket̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ket̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/ket̚/
Wang
Li 		/kiet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		git3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 結
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jié
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ket ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁi[t]/
English tie (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 結
Reading # 1/1
No. 5681
Phonetic
component 		吉
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		結
Old
Chinese 		/*kiːd/

Definitions[edit]

結

  1. to tie; to bind; to join; to connect
    結網／结网  ―  jié wǎng  ―  to weave a net
  2. to solidify; to form; to combine; to fuse
    結冰／结冰  ―  jiébīng  ―  to freeze
  3. to form; to forge (a relationship)
    結盟／结盟  ―  jiéméng  ―  to form an alliance
    結下了深深的友誼 [MSC, trad.]
    结下了深深的友谊 [MSC, simp.]
    jié xià le shēn shēn de yǒuyì [Pinyin]
    to forge a profound friendship
  4. to sum up; to end; to finish; to settle
    結帳／结帐  ―  jiézhàng  ―  to settle accounts
  5. knot; tie
    死結／死结  ―  sǐjié  ―  fast knot
    打個結／打个结 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 go3 lit3 [Jyutping]  ―  to tie a knot
  6. (electronics) junction
  7. (anatomy) node
  8. emotional knot
  9. written agreement; undertaking; bond; guarantee of responsibility; commitment; affidavit
    具結／具结  ―  jùjié  ―  to sign an undertaking
  10. to bear (fruit)
    結果／结果  ―  jiéguǒ  ―  to bear fruit
  11. (dialectal) to stammer; to stutter
  12. (Hokkien) loud and clear; sonorous
  13. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) fine and firm (not loose); well-bound; thick and sturdy
  14. (Mainland China Hokkien, figurative) hangup; problem; preoccupation; knot (in one's heart)
  15. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be in a knot; to be entangled with
  16. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) Classifier for bundles of thread-like objects.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to end):
  • (to stammer):
Dialectal synonyms of 口吃 (“to stammer; to stutter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 謇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 口吃
Mandarin Beijing 磕巴
Taiwan 口吃, 結巴
Harbin 磕巴
Yantai (Muping) 結巴, 磕巴
Jinan 結巴, 磕巴
Wanrong 可
Xi'an 結
Lanzhou 結
Ürümqi 結巴
Wuhan 結
Chengdu 結巴
Guiyang 結巴
Xuzhou 結巴
Yangzhou 結
Nanjing 結巴
Singapore 口吃
Cantonese Guangzhou 漏口
Hong Kong 漏口
Gan Pingxiang 結巴
Hakka Meixian 結舌仔, 重舌仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 結舌
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 結舌
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 結舌
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 結舌
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 結舌
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 大舌
Jin Taiyuan 磕巴
Xinzhou 結咳
Northern Min Jian'ou 結舌, 大舌
Southern Min Xiamen 大舌口, 大舌, 重句, 重舌
Quanzhou 大舌口, 大舌, 重句
Zhangzhou 大舌鼓, 大舌, 重句
Taipei 大舌
New Taipei (Sanxia) 大舌
Kaohsiung 大舌
Yilan 大舌
Changhua (Lukang) 大舌
Taichung 大舌
Tainan 大舌
Hsinchu 大舌
Kinmen 大舌口
Penghu (Magong) 大舌, 重句
Singapore (Hokkien) 大舌口
Longyan 結舌
Chaozhou 大舌
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 講突話
Wu Shanghai 吃嘴, 楞嘴
Shanghai (Chongming) 楞嘴, 篤嘴
Shanghai (Songjiang) 吃嘴
Danyang 結巴
Ningbo 吃舌頭
Zhoushan 吃舌頭
Wenzhou 大舌
Jinhua 點舌, 點舌兒, 拆舌, 拆舌兒
Xiang Changsha 結巴
Loudi 𪘬

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

結

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tie, fasten
  2. join
  3. organize
  4. end, conclude

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

結(ゆい) • (Yui) 

  1. a female given name

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

結 (eumhun 맺을 결 (maejeul gyeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 결 (“tie”).
  2. Hanja form? of 결 (“result”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

團結 (단결) unity; solidarity
集結 (집결) gathering
連結 (연결) connection; linking
結合 (결합) union cohesion
結付 (결부) linking; involving
結婚 (결혼) marriage; wedding
姉妹結緣 (자매결연) sisterhood relationship
結果 (결과) result
結局 (결국) eventually
結論 (결론) conclusion
結末 (결말) conclusion; an end
結實 (결실) bearing fruit; fruition
結核 (결핵) tuberculosis

Vietnamese[edit]

Chữ Hán[edit]

結: Hán Nôm readings: kết, cứt, kiết, chắc, kít

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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