肩

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肩 U+80A9, 肩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A9
← 肨
[U+80A8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肪 →
[U+80AA]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 肩
Simplified 肩
Traditional 肩

Alternative forms[edit]

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

Han character[edit]

肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80A9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 肩
simp. # 肩

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 肩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script
File:ACC-s03005.svg

s03005

File:ACC-s03006.svg

s03006

Transcribed ancient scripts
File:ACC-L31946.svg

L31946

File:ACC-L31947.svg

L31947

File:ACC-L06839.svg

L06839

File:ACC-L06840.svg

L06840

L06841

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (肩) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
顅 *kʰreːn
掮 *ɡren*
肩 *keːn
猏 *keːn
菺 *keːn
鵳 *keːn

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (“shoulder”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • keng/kaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/kan - vernacular;
  • kian - literary.
Note:
  • goin1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai, Puning.
Rime
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 古賢切
Baxter ken
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ken/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ken/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɛn/
Li
Rong 		/ken/
Wang
Li 		/kien/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gin1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ken ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁe[n]/
English shoulder (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
No. 6023
Phonetic
component 		肩
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		堅
Old
Chinese 		/*keːn/

Definitions[edit]

肩

  1. shoulders
    扛兩百斤麥子走十里山路不換肩 [MSC, trad.]
    扛两百斤麦子走十里山路不换肩 [MSC, simp.]
    From: Xi Jinping
    káng liǎng bǎi jīn màizǐ zǒu shílǐ shānlù bù huàn jiān [Pinyin]
    Shoulder 100kg of wheat and walk 5km of mountain trail without swapping shoulder.
  2. to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
  3. to bear

Synonyms[edit]

  • (shoulders):
Dialectal synonyms of 肩膀 (“shoulder(s)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 肩
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 肩, 肩膀
Mandarin Beijing 肩膀兒
Taiwan 肩膀
Tianjin 肩膀兒
Harbin 肩膀兒, 肩頭兒, 肩頭
Yantai (Muping) 膀子, 肩膀子
Jinan 肩膀, 肩
Luoyang 肩膀, 肩膀頭兒, 肩忙頭兒, 膀臂頭
Wanrong 胛骨, 肩巴
Xi'an 胛骨, 胛骨頭兒
Yinchuan 胛子
Lanzhou 胛子
Xining 肩膀
Ürümqi 肩膀子
Wuhan 肩膀
Chengdu 肩膀, 膀膀兒, 膀膀, 膀子
Guiyang 肩膀
Guilin 肩膀
Liuzhou 肩膀
Xuzhou 肩膀頭兒, 肩膀子, 肩膀
Yangzhou 肩膀, 肩膀拐子
Nanjing 肩膀, 肩膀頭
Hefei 肩膀, 肩膀子
Nantong 肩膀
Singapore 肩膀
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 膀子, 肩膀子
Cantonese Guangzhou 膊頭
Hong Kong 膊頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 膊頭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 肩頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 膊頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 膊頭
Macau 膊頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 膊頭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 肩頭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 肩頭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 肩頭
Foshan 膊頭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 膊頭
Foshan (Shunde) 膊頭
Foshan (Sanshui) 膊頭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 膊頭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 肩頭
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 肩頭
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 膊頭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 肩頭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 肩頭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 肩頭
Taishan 肩頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 肩頭
Enping (Niujiang) 肩頭
Heshan (Yayao) 肩頭
Dongguan 肩頭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 肩頭
Qingyuan 膊頭
Fogang 膊頭
Yingde (Hanguang) 膊頭
Yangshan 膊頭
Lianshan (Butian) 膊頭
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 膊頭
Shaoguan 膊頭
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膊頭
Renhua 間頭膊
Lechang 肩頭
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 膊頭
Sihui 膊頭
Guangning 膊頭
Deqing 膊頭
Huaiji 膊頭
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 膊頭
Yunfu 膊頭
Xinxing 膊頭
Luoding 膊頭
Yunan (Pingtai) 膊頭
Yangjiang 膊頭
Xinyi 肩膊
Maoming (Xinpo) 肩頭
Lianjiang 膊頭, 肩頭
Nanning 膊頭
Wuzhou 膊頭
Yulin 膊肩
Hepu (Lianzhou) 膊頭
Hepu (Shatian) 肩頭
Guiping 膊頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 膊頭
Guigang (Nanjiang) 膊頭
Beiliu (Tangliao) 膊頭
Baise 膊頭
Bobai 膊頭
Lingshan 膊頭
Pubei 膊頭
Qinzhou 膊頭
Beihai 膊頭
Beihai (Nankang) 膊頭
Beihai (Yingpan) 膊頭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 膊頭
Ningming 膊頭
Hengzhou 膊頭
Hezhou (Pumen) 膊頭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 膊頭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 膊頭
Singapore (Guangfu) 膊頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 膊頭
Móng Cái 膊頭
Gan Nanchang 肩膀
Lichuan 肩頭
Pingxiang 肩膊
Hakka Meixian 肩頭, 肩胛
Xingning 肩頭
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 肩頭
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 肩頭
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 肩頭
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 肩頭
Huidong (Daling) 肩頭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 肩頭
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 肩頭
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 肩頭
Boluo (Bendihua) 肩頭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 肩頭
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 肩胛
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 肩頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 肩頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 肩胛
Wuhua (Mianyang) 肩頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 肩頭, 肩胛
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 肩頭
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 肩頭
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 肩頭
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 肩頭
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 肩頭
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 肩頭
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肩頭
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 肩頭
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 肩頭
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 膊頭
Conghua (Lütian) 肩頭
Jiexi 肩頭
Luhe 肩頭
Changting 肩頭
Wuping 肩頭
Wuping (Pingyu) 肩頭
Liancheng 肩頭
Ninghua 肩頭
Yudu 肩
Ruijin 肩頭
Shicheng 肩頭
Shangyou (Shexi) 肩頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肩頭, 肩胛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 肩頭, 肩胛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 肩頭, 肩胛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 肩頭, 肩胛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 肩頭, 肩胛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 肩頭, 肩胛
Hong Kong 肩頭
Luchuan (Daqiao) 肩膀
Beiliu (Tang'an) 肩頭
Mashan (Pianlian) 肩頭
Sabah (Longchuan) 肩頭
Senai (Huiyang) 肩頭
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 肩頭
Singkawang 肩頭
Huizhou Jixi 肩頭
Jin Taiyuan 肩膀, 膀子
Xinzhou 肩膀, 膀子
Northern Min Jian'ou 肩膀頭
Songxi 肩膀
Zhenghe 肩膀
Jianyang 肩脊頭
Wuyishan 肩膀
Pucheng (Shibei) 肩膀頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 肩頭
Changle 肩頭
Fuqing 肩頭
Yongtai 肩頭
Gutian 肩頭
Fu'an 肩頭
Ningde 肩頭
Shouning 肩膀頭
Zhouning 肩膀頭
Fuding 肩膀頭
Matsu 肩頭
Southern Min Xiamen 肩頭, 肩胛頭
Quanzhou 肩頭, 肩胛頭
Jinjiang 肩頭
Yongchun 肩頭
Zhangzhou 肩頭, 肩胛頭
Zhao'an 肩脊頭
Dongshan 肩脊頭
Taipei 肩胛頭
Kaohsiung 肩頭
Yilan 肩胛頭
Changhua (Lukang) 肩頭
Taichung 肩胛
Taichung (Wuqi) 肩胛頭
Tainan 肩胛頭
Taitung 肩胛頭
Hsinchu 肩胛頭
Penghu (Magong) 肩頭
Penang (Hokkien) 肩頭
Singapore (Hokkien) 肩頭
Manila (Hokkien) 肩頭
Pingnan (Shangdu) 膊頭
Chaozhou 肩頭, 肩胛
Shantou 肩頭, 肩胛
Shantou (Chenghai) 肩頭, 肩胛
Shantou (Chaoyang) 肩頭
Jieyang 肩頭
Haifeng 肩頭
Bangkok (Teochew) 肩頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 肩
Singapore (Teochew) 肩, 肩頭
Leizhou 肩頭, 胛頭, 胛
Haikou 肩頭, 肩, 胛頭, 胛
Puxian Min Putian 肩頭, 肩胛頭
Xianyou 肩胛頭
Central Min Yong'an 肩膀, 肩
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 肩頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 膊頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 肩膀, 膊頭
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 肩膀
Wu Shanghai 肩胛, 肩膀
Shanghai (Chongming) 肩家, 肩茄
Suzhou 肩架
Danyang 肩頭
Hangzhou 肩膀
Ningbo 肩胛頭, 肩胛
Wenzhou 肩胛頭
Jinhua 肩頭, 肩圪末頭
Xiang Changsha 肩膀, 肩胛
Loudi 肩胛
Shuangfeng 肩膊, 肩胛
Quanzhou 肩膀
  • (to bear):

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 肩
Kyūjitai
[1]
肩󠄁
肩+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
肩󠄃
肩+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

肩

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. shoulder

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kanji in this term
肩
かた
Grade: S
kun’yomi
 肩 on Japanese Wikipedia

Noun[edit]

肩(かた) • (kata) 

  1. a shoulder
    • 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “３(さん)撃(げき)目(め)　災(さい)害(がい)存(そん)在(ざい)”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】), 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
      肩(かた)！肩(かた)に　肩(かた)に乗(の)ってる奴(やつ)を殺(ころ)せ‼
      Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
      Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

References[edit]

  1. ^ “肩”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 肩 (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean 견 (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

肩 (eumhun 어깨 견 (eokkae gyeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 견 (“shoulder”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
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