đá
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Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɗaː˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɗaː˨˩˦]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɗaː˦˥]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“rock”). Cognate with Arem atæːˀ. Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𪜀打, the simplified composition of 羅 (MC la) + 打 (MC taengX) (modern SV: la đả).
Schuessler (2007: p. 462)[1] proposes that this Vietic word and Khmer ដា (daa) (which is likely borrowed from Vietnamese or another Vietic language instead of being inherited from a common source) might be related to Chinese 石 (OC *dAk) (B-S) (SV: thạch). However, this is unlikely due to both:
- the mismatch between final *-k and *-ʔ, which requires Schuessler to assume that Chinese added "the familiar final -k" after foreign *-ʔ, resulting in *-ʔ-k > *-k (for an analogy, Old Chinese 汝 (OC *naʔ) > 若 (OC *nak)), therefore reducing his proposal's parsimony;
- that so far only nasal pre-initials, not *-l-, are known to have a voicing effect on Old Chinese voiceless initials (see for an example Baxter & Sagart, 2014: p. 81-83,[2] among others); so Proto-Vietic *l-t- would unlikely become Old Chinese *d-.
Noun
[edit](classifier tảng, hòn, viên, cục) đá • (𥒥, 坧)
- rock, stone
- (by extension) ice as used for consumption or refrigeration
- (slang) meth, methamphetamine
Usage notes
[edit]- tảng is often used to refer to big rocks, viên to small stones, hòn to mid-sized or small stones/rocks. cục is the colloquial classifier, used for stones and rocks of all sizes, although usually on the smaller side.
- the above "rule" is not always followed.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Schuessler, Axel (2007) ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese[1], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN.
- ^ Baxter, William H., Sagart, Laurent (2014) Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction, New York: Oxford University Press
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Vietic *taʔ. Cognate with Arem tʌːˀ.
Verb
[edit]- to kick
- đòn đá ― a kick
- cú đá ― a kick
- các đòn đá taekwondo ― taekwondo kicks
- (colloquial, slang) to dump (one's girlfriend, boyfriend, etc.); to abandon
- (Southern Vietnam) to fight each other
- (Southern Vietnam) to go; to come by
- (colloquial, Northern Vietnam) to eat or drink
- đá bát phở ― to eat a bowl of phở
- (colloquial, Northern Vietnam) to steal
- Ai đá cái mũ của tao rồi? ― Who stole my hat?
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Categories:
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms with audio pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese nouns classified by tảng
- Vietnamese nouns classified by hòn
- Vietnamese nouns classified by viên
- Vietnamese nouns classified by cục
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese slang
- Vietnamese verbs
- Vietnamese terms with collocations
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese colloquialisms
- Southern Vietnamese
- Northern Vietnamese
- vi:Minerals