سلطان
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Arabic
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/220px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg)
Etymology
[edit]From the root س ل ط (s-l-ṭ). Cognates with Aramaic שׁוּלְטָנָא / ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ (šulṭānā, “power”) and Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón, “rulership, authority”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]سُلْطَان • (sulṭān) m or f (usually uncountable)
- power, strength
- rule, dominion
- authority
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 53:23:
- إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا أَسْمَاءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَا أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُم مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَانٍ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الأَنْفُسُ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُم مِن رَبِّهِمُ الهُدَى
- ʔin hiya ʔillā ʔasmāʔun sammaytumūhā ʔantum wa-ʔābāʔukum mā ʔanzala l-lahu bihā min sulṭānin ʔin yattabiʕūna ʔillā ẓ-ẓanna wa-mā tahwā l-ʔanfusu wa-laqad jāʔahum min rabbihimu l-hudā
- These are but names which you have coined—you and your fathers—for which God has not sent down any authority. They follow nothing but conjectures and the desires of the [lower] soul, while there has already come to them the guidance from their Lord.
- mandate, authorization
- proof, evidence, an argument or case against
- a plea, an allegation, the grounds or basis for one's case being superior
- justification
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun سُلْطَان (sulṭān)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُلْطَان sulṭān |
السُّلْطَان as-sulṭān |
سُلْطَان sulṭān |
Nominative | سُلْطَانٌ sulṭānun |
السُّلْطَانُ as-sulṭānu |
سُلْطَانُ sulṭānu |
Accusative | سُلْطَانًا sulṭānan |
السُّلْطَانَ as-sulṭāna |
سُلْطَانَ sulṭāna |
Genitive | سُلْطَانٍ sulṭānin |
السُّلْطَانِ as-sulṭāni |
سُلْطَانِ sulṭāni |
Noun
[edit]سُلْطَان • (sulṭān) m (plural سَلَاطِين (salāṭīn))
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun سُلْطَان (sulṭān)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُلْطَان sulṭān |
السُّلْطَان as-sulṭān |
سُلْطَان sulṭān |
Nominative | سُلْطَانٌ sulṭānun |
السُّلْطَانُ as-sulṭānu |
سُلْطَانُ sulṭānu |
Accusative | سُلْطَانًا sulṭānan |
السُّلْطَانَ as-sulṭāna |
سُلْطَانَ sulṭāna |
Genitive | سُلْطَانٍ sulṭānin |
السُّلْطَانِ as-sulṭāni |
سُلْطَانِ sulṭāni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سُلْطَانَيْن sulṭānayn |
السُّلْطَانَيْن as-sulṭānayn |
سُلْطَانَيْ sulṭānay |
Nominative | سُلْطَانَانِ sulṭānāni |
السُّلْطَانَانِ as-sulṭānāni |
سُلْطَانَا sulṭānā |
Accusative | سُلْطَانَيْنِ sulṭānayni |
السُّلْطَانَيْنِ as-sulṭānayni |
سُلْطَانَيْ sulṭānay |
Genitive | سُلْطَانَيْنِ sulṭānayni |
السُّلْطَانَيْنِ as-sulṭānayni |
سُلْطَانَيْ sulṭānay |
Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سَلَاطِين salāṭīn |
السَّلَاطِين as-salāṭīn |
سَلَاطِين salāṭīn |
Nominative | سَلَاطِينُ salāṭīnu |
السَّلَاطِينُ as-salāṭīnu |
سَلَاطِينُ salāṭīnu |
Accusative | سَلَاطِينَ salāṭīna |
السَّلَاطِينَ as-salāṭīna |
سَلَاطِينَ salāṭīna |
Genitive | سَلَاطِينَ salāṭīna |
السَّلَاطِينِ as-salāṭīni |
سَلَاطِينِ salāṭīni |
Descendants
[edit]- Maltese: sultan
- Borrowings
- → Afar: súltaan
- → Azerbaijani: sultan
- → Georgian: სულთანი (sultani)
- → German: Sultan
- → Hebrew: סוּלְטָן
- → Icelandic: soldán
- → Italian: sultano
- → Japanese: スルターン (surutān)
- → Korean: 술탄 (sultan)
- → Kyrgyz: султан (sultan)
- → Malay: سلطان / sultan
- → Maranao: solutan
- → Medieval Latin: sultānus
- → Middle Armenian: սուլթան (sultʻan)
- Armenian: սուլթան (sultʻan)
- → Northern Kurdish: sultan
- → Ottoman Turkish: سلطان (sultan) (see there for further descendants)
- → Persian: سلطان (soltân) (see there for further descendants)
- → Russian: султан (sultan)
- → Swahili: sultani
- → Tajik: султон (sulton)
- → Tausug: sultan
- → Thai: สุลต่าน (sǔn-lá-dtàan)
- → Yiddish: סולטאַן (sultan)
Malay
[edit]Noun
[edit]سلطان (plural سلطان-سلطان or سلطان۲, informal 1st possessive سلطانکو, 2nd possessive سلطانمو, 3rd possessive سلطانڽ)
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).
Noun
[edit]سلطان • (sultan)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: sultan
- Borrowings
- → Byzantine Greek: σουλτᾶνος (soultânos)
- Greek: σουλτάνος (soultános)
- → Catalan: sultà
- → Czech: sultán
- → Danish: sultan
- → Dutch: sultan
- → Hungarian: szultán
- → Latvian: sultāns
- → Macedonian: султан (sultan)
- → Middle French: sultan (see there for further descendants)
- → Norwegian: sultan
- → Polish: sułtan
- → Romanian: sultan
- → Serbo-Croatian: sultan / султан
- → Slovak: sultán
- → Slovene: sultan
- → Spanish: sultán
- → Swedish: sultan
- → Finnish: sulttaani
References
[edit]- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سلطان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 689
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سلطان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1072
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sul.ˈtɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sol̪.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sul̪.t̪ʰɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sultān |
Dari reading? | sultān |
Iranian reading? | soltân |
Tajik reading? | sulton |
Noun
[edit]Dari | سلطان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | султон |
سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطانها (soltân-hâ))
- sultan; king, ruler, sovereign
- c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی[3]:
- جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
کیست در عالم که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است- juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast - Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?
- juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Sindhi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Classical Persian سلطان (sultān), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).
Noun
[edit]سُلْطانُ • (sultānu) m (Devanagari सुल्तानु)
References
[edit]- Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “سلطان”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian سلطان (sultān), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sʊl.t̪ɑːn/
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root س ل ط
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic uncountable nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic nouns with multiple genders
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic diptote broken plural
- ar:Heads of state
- ar:Monarchy
- ar:Titles
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Heads of state
- ota:Titles
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- fa:Heads of state
- fa:Monarchy
- fa:Titles
- Sindhi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Sindhi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Sindhi terms derived from Arabic
- Sindhi lemmas
- Sindhi nouns
- Sindhi nouns in Arabic script
- Sindhi masculine nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːn
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːn/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Heads of state
- ur:Titles