乂

See also: 义, 父, ㄨ, and Appendix:Variations of "x"

Translingual

Han character

乂 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K) or 難大 (XK), four-corner 4000₀, composition ⿻丿乀)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 111
• Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 31, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4E42

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		乂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乂
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j26552 Small seal script s09374 s10920 Transcribed ancient scripts L19486 L19487
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艾	*ŋaːds, *ŋads
鴱	*ŋaːds, *ŋads
餀	*hŋaːds
刈	*ŋads
乂	*ŋads

Pictogram (象形)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaai⁶
    • Yale: ngaaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːi̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjojH

Rime
Character	乂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	廢 (27)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚肺切
Baxter	ngjojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨajH/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐiH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋa[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乂	乂
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjojH ›	‹ ngjojH ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋa[t]-s/	/*ŋa[t]-s/
English	mow, cut (v.)	mow; regulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乂
Reading #	1/1
No.	14957
Phonetic component	乂
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刈
Old Chinese	/*ŋads/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乂

1. Original form of 刈 (yì, “to weed; to mow”).
2. to govern; to control; to manage
3. to nurture

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ài
    • Wade–Giles: ai⁴
    • Yale: ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
    • Palladius: ай (aj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngaai⁶
    • Yale: ngaaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːi̯²²/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乂

1. to discipline; to punish

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Japanese

Kanji

乂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: がい (gai)
• Kun: かる (karu, 乂る); おさめる (osameru, 乂める)^{←をさめる (wosameru, 乂める, historical)}; おさまる (osamaru, 乂まる)^{←をさまる (wosamaru, 乂まる, historical)}; やしなう (yashinau, 乂う)^{←やしなふ (yasinafu, 乂ふ, historical)}; さびしい (sabishii, 乂しい); こらす (korasu, 乂らす)

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Korean

Hanja

乂 • (ye)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 예 (revised: ye, McCune–Reischauer: ye)
  • Name (hangeul): 벨, 징계할
    (revised: bel, jinggyehal, McCune–Reischauer: pel, chinggyehal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乂

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Vietnamese

Han character

乂: Hán Nôm readings: nghệ, ngải

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)