冉

See also: 冄 and 再

Translingual

Han character

冉 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土月 (GB), four-corner 5055₇, composition ⿻冂土)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 36
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1514
• Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 99, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5189

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		冉
alternative forms		冄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冉
Bronze inscriptions b14467 b14468 b14469 b14470 Small seal script s06884 Transcribed ancient scripts L18787 L18788 L18789 L18790
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (冉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
那	*naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls
挪	*naːl
娜	*naːlʔ
柟	*noːm, *njam, *njamʔ
抩	*noːm
聃	*n̥ʰaːm, *n̥ʰaːm
舑	*n̥ʰaːm, *njam
坍	*n̥ʰaːm
髯	*njam, *njams
蚺	*njam
呥	*njam
冉	*njam, *njamʔ
袡	*njam
苒	*njamʔ
姌	*njamʔ, *neːmʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rǎn (ran³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiâm
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): jiám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
    • Wade–Giles: jan³
    • Yale: rǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
    • Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim⁵
    • Yale: yíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiam´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiám
    • Tâi-lô: jiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /d͡ziam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /d͡ziam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /d͡ziam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: riam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziam⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: nyem, nyemX

Rime
Character	冉	冉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	汝鹽切	而琰切
Baxter	nyem	nyemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇm/	/ȵiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛm/	/ȵiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæm/	/ȵʑjæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiam/	/ȵiamX/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛm/	/ȵiɛmX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛm/	/ȵʑĭɛmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛm/	/ȵʑi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán	rǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim4	jim5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njam/, /*njamʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冉	冉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10781	10784
Phonetic component	冉	冉
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𩓾	冉
Old Chinese	/*njam/	/*njamʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冉

1. tender
2. weak
3. proceed gradually
4. a surname

   冉求  ―  Rǎn Qiú  ―  Ran Qiu / Jan Ch‘iu (a leading disciple of Confucius)

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Japanese

Kanji

冉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ねん (nen)
• Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
• Kun: よわい (yowai)

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Korean

Hanja

冉 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

冉: Hán Nôm readings: nhiễm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.