函

See also: 凾

Translingual

Han character

函 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山弓水 (UNE) or 弓山水 (NUE), four-corner 1077₂)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1826
• Dae Jaweon: page 303, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 309, character 9
• Unihan data for U+51FD

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		函
alternative forms		圅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 函
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (函) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蜬	*kuːm, *ɡuːm
函	*ɡuːm, *ɡruːm
涵	*ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ
顄	*ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ
圅	*ɡuːm
菡	*ɡuːmʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hán (han²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hán
    • Wade–Giles: han²
    • Yale: hán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haam⁴
    • Yale: hàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
    • Tâi-lô: hâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ham²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ham²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ham²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/

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• Middle Chinese: hom, heam

Rime
Character	函	函
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	胡男切	胡讒切
Baxter	hom	heam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌm/	/ɦˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəm/	/ɦᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəm/	/ɦəɨm/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀm/	/ɣɐm/
Wang Li	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm/	/ɣăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham4	haam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-m-kˤ[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːm/, /*ɡruːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	函
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ hom ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-m-kˁ[ə]m/
English	envelop, contain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	函	函
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4861	4869
Phonetic component	函	函
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	含	咸
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːm/	/*ɡruːm/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 函

1. to include
2. box
3. letter

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Japanese

Kanji

函

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: はこ (hako, 函); いれる (ireru, 函れる)

Compounds

• 函館(はこだて) (Hakodate)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
函
はこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

函(はこ) • (hako) 

1. Alternative spelling of 箱

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Korean

Hanja

函 (eum 함 (ham))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

函: Hán Nôm readings: hòm, hàm

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)