妨害

Chinese

		hinder; harm	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (妨害)		妨	害
simp. #(妨害)		妨	害

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fánghài

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fòng-hoi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóng-hāi / hông-hāi / hong-hāi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fánghài
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fánghài
    • Wade–Giles: fang²-hai⁴
    • Yale: fáng-hài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnghay
    • Palladius: фанхай (fanxaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng-hoi
    • Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ hoi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong² hoi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hóng-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghai
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hông-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hai³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hong-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/

Verb

妨害

1. to hinder; to impair; to interfere with; to harm; to damage

Synonyms

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• 不通 (bùtōng)
• 堵塞
• 堵截 (dǔjié)
• 堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
• 徑杈／径杈 (Hakka)
• 截 (jié)
• 掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
• 擋／挡
• 擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
• 攔／拦 (lán)
• 攔住／拦住 (lánzhù)
• 攔截／拦截 (lánjié)
• 攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
• 攔閘／拦闸 (Hokkien)
• 攔阻／拦阻 (lánzǔ)
• 有礙／有碍 (yǒu'ài)
• 梗塞
• 滯滯／滞滞 (Hokkien)
• 滯礙／滞碍 (zhì'ài)
• 礙噠／碍哒 (ngai⁵ da) (Xiang)
• 窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
• 蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
• 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
• 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
• 邀 (yāo)
• 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
• 阻住 (zo² zyu⁶) (Cantonese)
• 阻塞
• 阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
• 阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
• 阻攔／阻拦 (zǔlán)
• 阻滯／阻滞 (zǔzhì)
• 阻礙／阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
• 阻窒 (Hokkien)
• 障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (妨害):

• → Japanese: 妨害(ぼうがい) (bōgai)
• → Korean: 방해(妨害) (banghae)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
妨	害
ぼう Grade: S	がい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative forms

• 妨碍
• 妨礙

Noun

妨(ぼう)害(がい) • (bōgai) 

1. obstructing someone or something; obstruction, interference

   妨害(ぼうがい)をやめろ。

   Bōgai o yamero.

   Do not disturb!

Synonyms

• 邪魔(じゃま) (jama)

Verb

妨(ぼう)害(がい)する • (bōgai suru) suru (stem 妨(ぼう)害(がい)し (bōgai shi), past 妨(ぼう)害(がい)した (bōgai shita))

1. obstruct, disturb, stand in the way

Conjugation

Conjugation of "妨害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	妨害し	ぼうがいし	bōgai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	妨害し	ぼうがいし	bōgai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	妨害する	ぼうがいする	bōgai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	妨害する	ぼうがいする	bōgai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	妨害すれ	ぼうがいすれ	bōgai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	妨害せよ¹ 妨害しろ²	ぼうがいせよ¹ ぼうがいしろ²	bōgai seyo¹ bōgai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	妨害される	ぼうがいされる	bōgai sareru
Causative	妨害させる 妨害さす	ぼうがいさせる ぼうがいさす	bōgai saseru bōgai sasu
Potential	妨害できる	ぼうがいできる	bōgai dekiru
Volitional	妨害しよう	ぼうがいしよう	bōgai shiyō
Negative	妨害しない	ぼうがいしない	bōgai shinai
Negative continuative	妨害せず	ぼうがいせず	bōgai sezu
Formal	妨害します	ぼうがいします	bōgai shimasu
Perfective	妨害した	ぼうがいした	bōgai shita
Conjunctive	妨害して	ぼうがいして	bōgai shite
Hypothetical conditional	妨害すれば	ぼうがいすれば	bōgai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• 妨(さまた)げる (samatageru)

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.