cold; poor; to tremble | warm; toasty | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (寒暖) |
寒 | 暖 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 寒 | 暖 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 泥 (8) |
Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 桓 (62) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 胡安切 | 乃管切 |
Baxter | han | nwanX |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑn/ | /nʷɑnX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦan/ | /nwanX/ |
Li Rong |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
Wang Li |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑn/ | /nuɑnX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hán | nuǎn |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hon4 | nyun5 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 寒 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hán |
Middle Chinese |
‹ han › |
Old Chinese |
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[n]/ |
English | cold |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 寒 | 暖 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 4870 | 16157 |
Phonetic component |
寒 | 爰 |
Rime group |
元 | 元 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
寒 | 煗 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːn/ | /*noːnʔ/ |
Notes | 煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗 |
寒暖