寒暄

Chinese

		cold; poor; to tremble	genial and warm
simp. and trad. (寒暄)		寒	暄
alternative forms		寒喧

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hánxuān

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁴ hyun¹

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hân-soan

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hánxuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄒㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hánsyuan
    • Wade–Giles: han²-hsüan¹
    • Yale: hán-sywān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harnshiuan
    • Palladius: ханьсюань (xanʹsjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon⁴ hyun¹
    • Yale: hòhn hyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁴ hyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon⁴ hün¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²¹ hyːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân-soan
    • Tâi-lô: hân-suan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hansoafn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /han²⁴⁻²² suan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /han¹³⁻²² suan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /han²⁴⁻²² suan⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: han xjwon

Rime
Character	寒	暄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡安切	況袁切
Baxter	han	xjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn/	/hʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn/	/hʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn/	/xiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan/	/huan/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn/	/xiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn/	/xĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑn/	/xi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán	xuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon4	hyun1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːn  qʰʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ han ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[n]/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寒	暄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4870	14012
Phonetic component	寒	亘
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	寒	暄
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːn/	/*qʰʷan/
Notes		集韻同煖見素問

Noun

寒暄

1. (literary) cold and warm
2. (literary, figurative) cold and warm seasons; years

Verb

寒暄

1. (literary) to enquire about another person's well-being (i.e. to inquire if they are feeling cold or warm)

   • 主賓長揖，寒暄而外，不敢多設一語。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     主宾长揖，寒暄而外，不敢多设一语。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. late 16^th century, Tu Long,《冥寥子游》(The Travels of Mingliaozi), rendered into English by Lin Yutang

     Zhǔ bīn chángyī, hánxuān érwài, bùgǎn duō shè yī yǔ. [Pinyin]

     A host and his visitor make a low bow to each other, yet besides a few casual remarks about the weather, dare not make another comment.

2. (now often) to exchange pleasantries; to make small talk; to exchange greetings
   • 2007, “好久不見 [hǎojiǔbùjiàn]”, 施立 (lyrics), performed by 陳奕迅:

     你會不會忽然地出現　在街角的咖啡店　我會帶著笑臉　揮手寒暄　和你坐著聊聊天 [MSC, trad.]
     你会不会忽然地出现　在街角的咖啡店　我会带着笑脸　挥手寒暄　和你坐着聊聊天 [MSC, simp.]

     nǐ huìbùhuì hūrán de chūxiàn, zài jiējiǎo de kāfēidiàn, wǒ huì dài zhe xiàoliǎn, huīshǒu hánxuān, hé nǐ zuò zhe liáoliáotiān [Pinyin]

     Will you suddenly show up,
     At the café around the street corner?
     I would smile and wave to you,
     Greet you, and have a chat with you.

Synonyms

• 噓寒問暖／嘘寒问暖 (xūhánwènnuǎn)
• 問寒問暖／问寒问暖 (wènhánwènnuǎn)
• 寒溫／寒温 (hánwēn) (literary)

Derived terms

• 寒暄書 / 寒暄书

Related terms

• 應酬／应酬 (yìngchou)