忠

See also: 中心

Translingual

Han character

忠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中心 (LP), four-corner 5033₆, composition ⿱中心)

Derived characters

• 𠊞, 㥙, 𣷡, 𦜦, 䛱, 𨨩, 𩗻, 𢘑, 𢘗, 𡲦, 𫁑, 𨵖, 𬅇, 贒

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10353
• Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2273, character 15
• Unihan data for U+5FE0

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		忠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忠
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
中	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	*tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuŋ) : phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
    • Wade–Giles: chung¹
    • Yale: jūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
    • Palladius: чжун (čžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung¹
    • Yale: jūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
    • Tâi-lô: tiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: trjuwng

Rime
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟弓切
Baxter	trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/
English	loyal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
No.	17408
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	中
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 忠

1. loyal; devoted; faithful
2. loyalty; devotion; fidelity

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Japanese

Kanji

忠

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. loyalty

Readings

• Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
• Kun: まごころ (magokoro, 忠)
• Nanori: たた (tata, 忠); ただ (tada, 忠); ただし (tadashi, 忠); なお (nao, 忠); きよし (kiyoshi, 忠)

Compounds

Compounds

• 忠(ちゅう)実(じつ) (chūjitsu)
• 忠(ちゅう)臣(しん) (chūshin)
• 忠(ちゅう)誠(せい) (chūsei)
• 忠(ちゅう)告(こく) (chūkoku)

• 忠(ちゅう)義(ぎ) (chūgi)
• 忠(ちゅう)恕(じょ) (chūjo)
• 忠(ちゅう)僕(ぼく) (chūboku)
• 忠(ちゅう)勇(ゆう) (chūyū)

Proper noun

忠(ただし) • (Tadashi) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

忠 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 忠 (trung, võ, vű)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.