恥

See also: 耻

Translingual

Han character

恥 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸十心 (SJP), four-corner 1310₀, composition ⿰耳心)

Derived characters

• 𠺨, 𮝡, 𢟛

Related characters

• 耻 (Variant form)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10585
• Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6065

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Chinese

trad.		恥/耻
simp.		耻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恥
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (耳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
佴	*nɯːs, *njɯs
麛	*miː
弭	*mniʔ
渳	*mniʔ
葞	*mniʔ
髶	*njis, *njoŋ
聻	*nɯʔ
恥	*n̥ʰɯʔ
咡	*njɯ, *njɯs
誀	*njɯ, *njɯs
耳	*njɯʔ
洱	*njɯʔ, *njɯs
駬	*njɯʔ
餌	*njɯs
珥	*njɯs
衈	*njɯs
毦	*njɯs
刵	*njɯs
眲	*njɯs, *rnɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰɯʔ) : phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese နီ (ni, “red”), 怩 (OC *nil, “ashamed”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǐ (chi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ́

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ci³

• Northern Min (KCR): chǐ
• Eastern Min (BUC): tī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ci²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih³
    • Yale: chř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci²
    • Yale: chí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ci³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǐ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thí
    • Tâi-lô: thí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ci²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恥
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃʰï³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tʰi⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tʰi³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰi⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡si²¹³/ /sun²¹³/ 訓蠢

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• Middle Chinese: trhiX

Rime
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敕里切
Baxter	trhiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰɨX/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiəX/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ trhiX ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥rəʔ/
English	shame; ashamed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
No.	2780
Phonetic component	耳
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恥
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恥

1. (literary) to humiliate; to put to shame
2. shame; disgrace; humiliation

   Template:zh-syn

3. ashamed

   Template:zh-syn

See also

• 羞 (xiū)

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Japanese

Kanji

恥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. shame
2. embarrassment

Readings

• Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kun: はじ (haji, 恥, Jōyō)^{←はぢ (fadi, 恥, historical)}; はじる (hajiru, 恥じる, Jōyō)^{←はぢる (fadiru, 恥ぢる, historical)}; はじらう (hajirau, 恥じらう, Jōyō)^{←はぢらふ (fadirafu, 恥ぢらふ, historical)}; はずかしい (hazukashii, 恥ずかしい, Jōyō)^{←はづかしい (fadukasii, 恥づかしい, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
恥
はじ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pantuy.

Alternative forms

• 辱
• 耻

Noun

恥(はじ) • (haji) ^{←はぢ (fadi)?}

1. shame

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Korean

Hanja

恥 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 恥 (xỉ, sỉ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.