恥

See also: 耻

恥 U+6065, 恥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6065 ← 恤 [U+6064] CJK Unified Ideographs 恦 → [U+6066]

Translingual

Han character

恥 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸十心 (SJP), four-corner 1310₀, composition ⿰耳心)

Derived characters

• 𠺨, 𮝡, 𢟛

Related characters

• 耻 (Variant form)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10585
• Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6065

Chinese

trad.		恥/耻
simp.		耻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恥
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (耳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
佴	*nɯːs, *njɯs
麛	*miː
弭	*mniʔ
渳	*mniʔ
葞	*mniʔ
髶	*njis, *njoŋ
聻	*nɯʔ
恥	*n̥ʰɯʔ
咡	*njɯ, *njɯs
誀	*njɯ, *njɯs
耳	*njɯʔ
洱	*njɯʔ, *njɯs
駬	*njɯʔ
餌	*njɯs
珥	*njɯs
衈	*njɯs
毦	*njɯs
刵	*njɯs
眲	*njɯs, *rnɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰɯʔ) : phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese နီ (ni, “red”), 怩 (OC *nil, “ashamed”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chǐ (chi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ci²

• Gan (Wiktionary): ci³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ́

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ci³

• Jin (Wiktionary): ci²
• Northern Min (KCR): chǐ
• Eastern Min (BUC): tī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ci²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tshy
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih³
    • Yale: chř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ci³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci²
    • Yale: chí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ci²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ci³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ci³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ci²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǐ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thí
    • Tâi-lô: thí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ci²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshy
    • MiniDict: tshy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: chr³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恥
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃʰï³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tʰi⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tʰi³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰi⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡si²¹³/ /sun²¹³/ 訓蠢

---

• Middle Chinese: trhiX

Rime
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敕里切
Baxter	trhiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰɨX/
Li Rong	/ȶʰiəX/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ trhiX ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥rəʔ/
English	shame; ashamed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恥
Reading #	1/1
No.	2780
Phonetic component	耳
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恥
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰɯʔ/

Definitions

恥

1. (literary) to humiliate; to put to shame
2. shame; disgrace; humiliation

   Synonym: 恥辱／耻辱 (chǐrǔ)

   體壇之恥／体坛之耻  ―  tǐtán zhī chǐ  ―  disgrace to the sports world

3. ashamed

   Synonym: 羞愧 (xiūkuì)

Compounds

• 一雪前恥／一雪前耻 (yīxuěqiánchǐ)
• 不以為恥／不以为耻 (bùyǐwéichǐ)
• 不恥／不耻
• 不恥下問／不耻下问 (bùchǐxiàwèn)
• 不識羞恥／不识羞耻
• 五九國恥／五九国耻
• 刷恥／刷耻
• 包羞忍恥／包羞忍耻
• 卑鄙無恥／卑鄙无耻 (bēibǐwúchǐ)
• 厚顏無恥／厚颜无耻 (hòuyánwúchǐ)
• 可恥／可耻 (kěchǐ)
• 含垢忍恥／含垢忍耻
• 國恥／国耻 (guóchǐ)
• 報仇雪恥／报仇雪耻 (bàochóuxuěchǐ)
• 奇恥大辱／奇耻大辱 (qíchǐdàrǔ)
• 寡廉鮮恥／寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
• 廉恥／廉耻 (liánchǐ)
• 復仇雪恥／复仇雪耻
• 忍恥偷生／忍耻偷生
• 忍恥含垢／忍耻含垢
• 忍恥含羞／忍耻含羞
• 恬不知恥／恬不知耻 (tiánbùzhīchǐ)
• 恥丘／耻丘
• 恥居人下／耻居人下
• 恥居王後／耻居王后
• 恬然不恥／恬然不耻
• 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
• 恥與為伍／耻与为伍 (chǐyǔwéiwǔ)
• 恥辱／耻辱 (chǐrǔ)
• 恥骨／耻骨 (chǐgǔ)
• 明恥教戰／明耻教战
• 會稽之恥／会稽之耻
• 有恥／有耻
• 毀廉蔑恥／毁廉蔑耻
• 湔雪前恥／湔雪前耻 (jiānxuěqiánchǐ)
• 無恥／无耻 (wúchǐ)
• 無恥之尤／无耻之尤 (wúchǐzhīyóu)
• 瓶罄罍恥／瓶罄罍耻
• 知恥／知耻
• 禮義廉恥／礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
• 缾罄罍恥／瓶罄罍耻
• 羞恥／羞耻 (xiūchǐ)
• 荒淫無恥／荒淫无耻 (huāngyínwúchǐ)
• 藏垢懷恥／藏垢怀耻
• 行己有恥／行己有耻
• 買妻恥樵／买妻耻樵
• 雪恥／雪耻 (xuěchǐ)

 

See also

• 羞 (xiū)

Japanese

Alternative forms

• 辱
• 耻

Kanji

恥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. shame
2. embarrassment

Readings

• Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
• Kun: はじ (haji, 恥, Jōyō)^{←はぢ (fadi, 恥, historical)}; はじる (hajiru, 恥じる, Jōyō)^{←はぢる (fadiru, 恥ぢる, historical)}; はじらう (hajirau, 恥じらう, Jōyō)^{←はぢらふ (fadirafu, 恥ぢらふ, historical)}; はずかしい (hazukashii, 恥ずかしい, Jōyō)^{←はづかしい (fadukasii, 恥づかしい, historical)}
• Nanori: はつる (hatsuru)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
恥
はじ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
耻

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pantuy.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はじ​ [hàjíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ʑi]

Noun

恥(はじ) • (haji) ^{←はぢ (fadi)?}

1. shame
   • 1948, 太宰治(だざいおさむ) [Dazai Osamu], 人間失格(にんげんしっかく) (Ningen shikkaku)‎^[1]:

     恥(はじ)の多(おお)い生(しょう)涯(がい)を送(おく)って来(き)ました。

     Haji no ōi shōgai o okutte kimashita.

     I have lived a greatly shameful life.

Korean

Hanja

恥 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恥: Hán Nôm readings: xỉ, sỉ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.