柘

柘 U+67D8, 柘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67D8 ← 柗 [U+67D7] CJK Unified Ideographs 柙 → [U+67D9]

Translingual

Han character

柘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 木一口 (DMR), four-corner 4196₀, composition ⿰木石)

Derived characters

• 㮟, 𣗁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14626
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1180, character 2
• Unihan data for U+67D8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柘
alternative forms		樜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 柘
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
柘	*tjaɡs
妬	*taːɡs
蠹	*taːɡs
沰	*taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ
拓	*tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ
橐	*tʰaːɡ
袥	*tʰaːɡ
驝	*tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ
斫	*tjaɡ
磭	*ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔	*rtaːɡ
跖	*tjaɡ
石	*djaɡ
碩	*djaɡ
祏	*djaɡ
鉐	*djaɡ
鼫	*djaɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaɡs): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ).

Etymology

Miyake (1997), apud Schuessler (2007), compared this to Middle Korean [script needed] (tak, “mulberry tree”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhè (zhe⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ze³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chià

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zia³

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵tso / ⁵tsa

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhè
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhè
    • Wade–Giles: chê⁴
    • Yale: jè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeh
    • Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ze³
    • Yale: je
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dze³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zé³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià
    • Tâi-lô: tsià
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciax
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zia³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsià
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sia²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tso
    • MiniDict: tso^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tso
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡so³⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsa
    • MiniDict: tsa^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sɑ⁵²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyaeH

Rime
Character	柘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之夜切
Baxter	tsyaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiaH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭaH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ze3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tAk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjaɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	柘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhè
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyæH ›
Old Chinese	/*tAk-s/
English	a kind of mulberry tree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柘
Reading #	1/1
No.	11454
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	柘
Old Chinese	/*tjaɡs/

Definitions

柘

1. silkworm thorn tree (Maclura tricuspidata)
2. alternative form of 蔗 (zhè, “sugar cane”)
3. used in 柘枝 (zhèzhī)
4. a surname

Compounds

• 柘城 (Zhèchéng)
• 柘嶺 / 柘岭 (Zhèlǐng)
• 柘弓
• 柘彈 / 柘弹
• 柘木 (Zhèmù)
• 柘枝 (zhèzhī)
• 柘榴 (zhèliú)
• 柘樹 / 柘树
• 柘漿 / 柘浆 (zhèjiāng)
• 柘硯 / 柘砚
• 柘絲 / 柘丝
• 柘蠶 / 柘蚕 (zhècán)
• 柘袍 (zhèpáo)
• 柘黃 / 柘黄 (zhèhuáng)
• 桑柘
• 潭柘
• 諸柘 / 诸柘 (zhūzhè)

Japanese

Kanji

柘

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. Japanese box (つげ)
2. Chinese mulberry (Morus bombycis, Morus australis) (やまぐわ) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Readings

• Go-on: しゃ (sha)
• Kan-on: しゃ (sha)
• Kun: やまぐわ (yamaguwa, 柘)、つげ (tsuge, 柘)、つみ (tsumi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柘
つみ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

柘(つみ) • (tsumi) 

1. (archaic) synonym of 山桑 (yamaguwa, “Chinese mulberry, Morus bombycis”)

Korean

Hanja

柘 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

柘: Hán Nôm readings: rú, giá, chá

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.