盧訶寧俱沙

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (盧訶寧俱沙)		盧	訶	寧	俱	沙
simp. (卢诃宁俱沙)		卢	诃	宁	俱	沙

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ (“Holy Spirit”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Lúhēníngjùshā

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˊ ㄏㄜ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩˋ ㄕㄚ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Lúhēníngjùshā
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˊ ㄏㄜ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄩˋ ㄕㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lúheníngjyùsha
    • Wade–Giles: Lu²-ho¹-ning²-chü⁴-sha¹
    • Yale: Lú-hē-níng-jyù-shā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luheningjiuhsha
    • Palladius: Лухэнинцзюйша (Luxɛninczjujša)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: lu xa neng kju srae|sraeH

Rime
Character	盧	訶	寧	俱	沙	沙
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)	見 (28)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	歌 (94)	青 (125)	虞 (24)	麻 (98)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV	III	II	II
Fanqie	落胡切	虎何切	奴丁切	舉朱切	所加切	所嫁切
Baxter	lu	xa	neng	kju	srae	sraeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luo/	/hɑ/	/neŋ/	/kɨo/	/ʃˠa/	/ʃˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/luo/	/hɑ/	/neŋ/	/kio/	/ʃᵚa/	/ʃᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/lo/	/xɑ/	/nɛŋ/	/kio/	/ʃa/	/ʃaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɔ/	/ha/	/nɛjŋ/	/kuə̆/	/ʂaɨ/	/ʂaɨH/
Li Rong	/lo/	/xɑ/	/neŋ/	/kio/	/ʃa/	/ʃaH/
Wang Li	/lu/	/xɑ/	/nieŋ/	/kĭu/	/ʃa/	/ʃaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/luo/	/xɑ/	/nieŋ/	/ki̯u/	/ʂa/	/ʂaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lú	hē	níng	jū	shā	shà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou4	ho1	ning4	geoi1	saa1	saa3

Proper noun

盧訶寧俱沙

1. (Church of the East, historical) the Holy Spirit.

   Synonyms: 涼風／凉风 (liángfēng), 淨風／净风 (Jìngfēng), 聖靈／圣灵 (Shènglíng)