礙

See also: 碍

Translingual

Han character

礙 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一口心大人 (MRPKO), four-corner 1768₁, composition ⿰石疑)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 46
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24542
• Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 11
• Unihan data for U+7919

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Chinese

trad.		礙
simp.		碍
alternative forms		㝵 㕌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
礙	*ŋɯːs
儗	*ŋɯːs, *hŋɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
懝	*ŋɯːs, *ŋɯɡ
譺	*ŋrɯːs, *ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
癡	*ŋ̊ʰl'ɯ
疑	*ŋɯ
嶷	*ŋɯ, *ŋɯɡ
觺	*ŋɯ
擬	*ŋɯʔ
薿	*ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯɡ
凝	*ŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ngoi⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gāi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghai⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ài
    • Wade–Giles: ai⁴
    • Yale: ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
    • Palladius: ай (aj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngoi⁶
    • Yale: ngoih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngoi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoɪ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gāi
    • Tâi-lô: gāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡai²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡai²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡai³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡai³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ghai⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡai¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ngojH

Rime
Character	礙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五漑切
Baxter	ngojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəjH/
Li Rong	/ŋᴀiH/
Wang Li	/ŋɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礙
Reading #	1/1
No.	14888
Phonetic component	疑
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 礙

1. to obstruct; to hinder; to block; to deter

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Japanese

Kanji

礙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 碍)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: がい (gai)
• Kun: さまたげる (samatageru)

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Korean

Hanja

礙 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 礙 (ngại, ngái)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.