襾

See also: 西

Translingual

Han character

襾 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一山月 (MUB) or 難一山月 (XMUB), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱一⿻凵冂)

1. Kangxi radical #146, ⾑.

Usage notes

襾 is the 146th radical of the Chinese dictionary. It most often appears at the top in the form 覀 as in 覄. It is important to distinguish it from 西 and 酉.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/襾
• 覆, 賈, 覈, 覂

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1128, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34762
• Dae Jaweon: page 1595, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2805, character 1
• Unihan data for U+897E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		襾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 襾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (襾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
賈	*kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ
檟	*kraːʔ
價	*kraːs
覀	*qʰraːʔ
襾	*qraːs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yà, xià (ya⁴, xia⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˋ, ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aa³ / kaa¹ / haa²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): á
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): à / hà

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yà
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yà
    • Wade–Giles: ya⁴
    • Yale: yà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yah
    • Palladius: я (ja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xià
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sià
    • Wade–Giles: hsia⁴
    • Yale: syà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: aa³ / kaa¹ / haa²
    • Yale: a / kā / há
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aa³ / kaa¹ / haa²
    • Guangdong Romanization: a³ / ka¹ / ha²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aː³³/, /kʰaː⁵⁵/, /haː³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: á
    • Hakka Romanization System: a^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: a³
    • Sinological IPA: /a³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: à / hà
    • Tâi-lô: à / hà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ax, hax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /a²¹/, /ha²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /a⁴¹/, /ha⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /a²¹/, /ha²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /a¹¹/, /ha¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /a²¹/, /ha²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: xaeX

Rime
Character	襾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	許下切
Baxter	xaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/xaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨX/
Li Rong	/xaX/
Wang Li	/xaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xaX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	襾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yà
Middle Chinese	‹ xæX ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁraʔ/
English	cover
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	襾
Reading #	1/1
No.	14204
Phonetic component	襾
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亞
Old Chinese	/*qraːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 襾

1. cover

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Japanese

Kanji

襾

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): あ (a), か (ka), け (ke)
• Kun: おおう (oou)