述べる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 述 |
| の Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 宣べる 陳べる 演べる 叙べる |
From the classical lower bigrade verb (バ行下二段活用) のぶ (nobu). Cognate with Japanese 伸べる (noberu) and 延べる (noberu).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 述べる
| Plain | 述べる | のべる | [nòbéꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 述べて | のべて | [nóꜜbètè] |
| Perfective | 述べた | のべた | [nóꜜbètà] |
| Negative | 述べない | のべない | [nòbéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 述べなかった | のべなかった | [nòbéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 述べれば | のべれば | [nòbéꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 述べたら | のべたら | [nóꜜbètàrà] |
| Imperative | 述べろ 述べよ |
のべろ のべよ |
[nòbéꜜrò] [nòbéꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 述べよう | のべよー | [nòbéyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 述べたい | のべたい | [nòbétáꜜì] |
| Formal | 述べます | のべます | [nòbémáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 述べません | のべません | [nòbémáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 述べましょう | のべましょー | [nòbémáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 述べました | のべました | [nòbémáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 述べ 述べに |
のべ のべに |
[nóꜜbè] [nóꜜbè nì] |
| Negative continuative | 述べず 述べずに |
のべず のべずに |
[nòbéꜜzù] [nòbéꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 述べられる | のべられる | [nòbéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 述べさせる 述べさす |
のべさせる のべさす |
[nòbésáséꜜrù] [nòbésáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 述べられる 述べれる |
のべられる のべれる |
[nòbéráréꜜrù] [nòbéréꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]述べる • (noberu) transitive ichidan (stem 述べ (nobe), past 述べた (nobeta))
Usage notes
[edit]A common construction for using this verb would be:
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 述べ | のべ | nobe |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 述べ | のべ | nobe |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 述べる | のべる | noberu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 述べる | のべる | noberu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 述べれ | のべれ | nobere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 述べよ¹ 述べろ² |
のべよ¹ のべろ² |
nobeyo¹ nobero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 述べられる | のべられる | noberareru |
| Causative | 述べさせる 述べさす |
のべさせる のべさす |
nobesaseru nobesasu |
| Potential | 述べられる 述べれる³ |
のべられる のべれる³ |
noberareru nobereru³ |
| Volitional | 述べよう | のべよう | nobeyō |
| Negative | 述べない 述べぬ 述べん |
のべない のべぬ のべん |
nobenai nobenu noben |
| Negative continuative | 述べず | のべず | nobezu |
| Formal | 述べます | のべます | nobemasu |
| Perfective | 述べた | のべた | nobeta |
| Conjunctive | 述べて | のべて | nobete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 述べれば | のべれば | nobereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Synonyms
[edit]- 言う (iu): to say
- 語る (kataru): to tell a story or tale
- 説く (toku): to explain
- 告げる (tsugeru): to pass along something
- 話す (hanasu): to have a conversation
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “述べる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 述 read as の
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese shimo ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples