降

Translingual

Alternative forms

Two Unicode z-code variants, at code points U+964D (main) and U+FA09 (alt).

Han character

降 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+6 in Chinese, 阜+7 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓中竹水手 (NLHEQ), four-corner 7725₄, composition ⿰阝夅)

Derived terms

• 隆

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1349, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41620
• Dae Jaweon: page 1852, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4126, character 18
• Unihan data for U+964D
• Unihan data for U+FA09

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Chinese

trad.		降
simp. #		降
alternative forms		𫱔 (kiung) Hakka

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 降
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
贛	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷	*kʰluːms
戇	*kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳	*kruːŋs
栙	*ɡruːŋ
夅	*ɡruːŋ
跭	*ɡruːŋ
隆	*ɡ·ruːŋ
癃	*ɡ·ruːŋ
窿	*ɡ·ruːŋ
霳	*ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ) : semantic 阝 (“hill, wall”) + phonetic 夅 (OC *ɡruːŋ, “descend”) – descending a hill.

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 降

1. to fall; to drop; to descend; to come down

   降落  ―  jiàngluò  ―  to fall; to land

2. (honorific) to visit; to honour with one's presence
3. to bestow; to confer

   天降喪亂，饑饉薦臻。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
   天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   Tiān jiàng sāngluàn, jījǐn jiànzhēn. [Pinyin]

   That Heaven [thus] sends down death and disorder?
   Famine comes again and again.

4. to reduce; to decrease; to lower
5. (music) flat (♭)
6. to be born
7. (Hakka) to give birth
8. a surname

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 降

1. to surrender; to capitulate; to give in

   投降  ―  tóuxiáng  ―  to surrender

2. to subdue; to vanquish

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

降

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. descend
2. precipitate
3. fall
4. surrender

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}; ごう (gō)^{←ごう (gou, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: おりる (oriru, 降りる, Jōyō); おろす (orosu, 降ろす, Jōyō); くだる (kudaru, 降る); ふり (furi, 降り); ふる (furu, 降る, Jōyō)
• Nanori: ふり (furi); ふる (furu)

Derived terms

• 降(お)りる (oriru)
• 降(ふ)る (furu)
• 降(お)ろす (orosu)

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Korean

Etymology 1

Middle Chinese *kɣʌŋH.

Hanja

降 • (gang)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 강 (revised: gang, McCune–Reischauer: kang, Yale: kang)
  • Name (hangeul): 내릴 강
    

1. descent; descending

Derived terms

• 강단하다 (降壇하다, gangdanhada, “step down from a platform”)

Etymology 2

Middle Chinese *ɦɣʌŋ.

Hanja

降 • (hang)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 항 (revised: hang, McCune–Reischauer: hang)
  • Name (hangeul): 항복할 항
    

1. surrender

Derived terms

• 항복

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 降 (giáng, giuống, hàng, nháng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.