音訳

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See also: 音譯 and 音译

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
おん
Grade: 1
やく
Grade: 6
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
音譯 (kyūjitai)
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Etymology

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Possibly coined by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, Introduction to Chemistry),[1] from Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of (on, sound) +‎ (yaku, translation).

First cited to Udagawa's book, dated 1837.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(おん)(やく) (on'yaku

  1. [from circa 1837] transcription, transcribing: spelling out foreign words in native script; historically, often using kanji for their phonetic values
    Synonyms: 音写 (onsha), 転写 (tensha), 音声表記 (onsei hyōki)
  2. [from circa 1837] a word spelled out this way
    Synonym: 借字 (shakuji, literally borrowed character)
  3. [from ???] text-to-speech, reading text aloud, speech synthesis: the act of turning text into sound
    Synonyms: 音声訳 (onseiyaku), 音声化 (onseika), 音声合成 (onsei gōsei)

Verb

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(おん)(やく)する (on'yaku surutransitive suru (stem (おん)(やく) (on'yaku shi), past (おん)(やく)した (on'yaku shita))

  1. [from circa 1837] to transcribe: to spell out foreign words in native script; historically, often using kanji for their phonetic values
    Synonyms: 音写 (onsha), 転写 (tensha), 音声表記 (onsei hyōki)
  2. [from ???] to read text aloud, to synthesize speech: to turn text into sound
    Synonyms: 音声訳 (onseiyaku), 音声化 (onseika), 音声合成 (onsei gōsei)

Usage notes

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The Japanese term 音訳 (on'yaku) is often loosely translated as transliteration. Strictly speaking, transliteration is the act of replacing letters in one script with letters in another, whereas 音訳 (on'yaku, transcription) is the act of rendering the sounds of the source term in the characters of the target language. Examples:

  • Transliteration:
Greek Ελληνική Δημοκρατία (Ellinikí Dimokratía)Ellēnikḗ Dēmokratía
(possibly) English cocoaJapanese ココア (kokoa)
This is a letter-per-letter transformation based on written forms.
  • Transcription:
Ελληνική Δημοκρατία (Ellinikí Dimokratía)[elinikí ðimokratía]
Portuguese filhósJapanese 飛竜頭 (hiryūzu, deep-fried glutinous rice balls, or fried tofu balls with mixed vegetables, as spelled, literally “flying dragon heads”)
This is a sound-by-sound transformation based on spoken forms.

Conjugation

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ 1837, Shizuo Fujiwara and Yūko Okamoto, 舎密開宗における現代化学用語 (Seimi Kaisō ni okeru Gendai Kagaku Yōgo)
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

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