일곱

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Jeju

[edit]
Jeju numbers (edit)
70[a], [b], [c], [d]
[a], [b] ←  6 7 8  → [a], [b], [c]
    Native isol.: 일곱 (ilgop)
    Native attr.: 일곱 (ilgop)
    Sino: (chil)
    Ordinal: 일곱체 (ilgopche)
    Number of days: 일뤠 (illwe)

Etymology

[edit]

Likely from Middle Korean 닐굽〮 (nìlkwúp) and cognate with Korean 일곱 (ilgop).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?ilgop
Revised Romanization (translit.)?ilgob
Yale Romanization?ilkwop

Numeral

[edit]

일곱 (ilgop)

  1. (native numeral) seven
    Synonym: (Sino-Korean) (chil)

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]
  • 예슬곱 (yeseulgop, about six or seven)
  • 예슬웨 (yeseurwe, about six or seven days)

Noun

[edit]

일곱 (ilgop)

  1. seven years of age (for cows)
    Near-synonym: (for horses) 칠수 (chilsu)

References

[edit]
  • 송상조 [songsangjo] (2023) “일곱”, in 20세기 제주말 큰사전 [20segi jejumal keunsajeon], 한국문화사 [han'gungmunhwasa], →ISBN, page 648
  • 제주문화예술재단 [jejumunhwayesuljaedan] (2009) “일곱”, in 개정증보 제주어사전 [gaejeongjeungbo jejueosajeon]‎[1], 제주특별자치도 [jejuteukbyeoljachido], →ISBN, page 720

Korean

[edit]
Korean numbers (edit)
70
 ←  6 7 8  → 
    Native isol.: 일곱 (ilgop)
    Native attr.: 일곱 (ilgop)
    Sino-Korean: (chil)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 일곱째 (ilgopjjae)

Etymology

[edit]

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 一急 */ʔiɪt̚ kiɪp̚/. In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 닐굽〮 (Yale: nìlkwúp).

Beyond this, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "seven" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Seven.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?ilgop
Revised Romanization (translit.)?ilgob
McCune–Reischauer?ilgop
Yale Romanization?il.kop

Number

[edit]

일곱 (ilgop)

  1. (native numeral) seven
    Synonym: () (seven, Sino-Korean numeral)

Usage notes

[edit]

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 반(班) (se ban, three school classes, native numeral)
  • 반(班) (sam ban, Class Number Three, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나 주세 (hana-man deo juse-yo, Could you give me just one more, please, native numeral)
  • 더하기 ? (il deohagi ir-eun?, What's one plus one?, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]
  • 예니레 (yenire, about six or seven days)
  • 예닐고 (yenilgo, about six or seven)
  • 이레 (ire, seven days)
  • 일여드레 (iryeodeure, about seven or eight days)