感

See also: 惑

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯːmʔ) : phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Han character

感 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈口心 (IRP), four-corner 5333₀, composition ⿱咸心)

1. feel, perceive
2. emotion

Derived terms

• 憾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10953
• Dae Jaweon: page 733, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 2
• Unihan data for U+611F

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Chinese

trad.		感
simp. #		感

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎn (gan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kám
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kan³
    • Yale: gǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gam²
    • Yale: gám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam³
    • Sinological IPA: /kam³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
    • Tâi-lô: kám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: karm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 感
Mandarin	Beijing	/kan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/kan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/kan¹³/
	Jinan	/kã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/kã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/kã⁵³/
	Xining	/kã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/kan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/kɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/kan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/kan⁴²/
	Chengdu	/kan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/kan⁴²/
	Kunming	/kã̠⁵³/
	Nanjing	/kaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/kæ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kæ̃⁵³/
	Pingyao	/kɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/kæ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kø⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/kẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ky³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/kɛ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/kɛ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kan⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/kan⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɵn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kam³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐm³⁵/
	Nanning	/kam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐm³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kaŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kam⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kam²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: komX

Rime
Character	感
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禫切
Baxter	komX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/kəmX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəmX/
Li Rong	/kᴀmX/
Wang Li	/kɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤ[ə]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	感
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ komX ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁ[ə]mʔ/
English	move (emotionally) (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	感
Reading #	1/1
No.	13498
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	感
Old Chinese	/*kɯːmʔ/

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 感

1. feeling; sensation

References

• “Entry #9457”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

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Japanese

Kanji

感

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. feeling, sensation, emotion

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
感
かん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 感 (kom^X).

Noun

感(かん) • (kan) 

1. feeling

   虚無(きょむ)感(かん)

   kyomukan

   feeling of emptiness

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Korean

Hanja

感 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 감기 (感氣, gamgi)
• 민감 (敏感, min'gam, “sensitivity”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 感 (cảm, cám)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• mẫn cảm (敏感, “sensitive”)