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Revision as of 07:51, 29 July 2020
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
良 |
よ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Modern form of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese adjective よし (yoshi).[1][2][3]
/joɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /joki/ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /joi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "良い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 良く | よく | [yóꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 良い | よい | [yóꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 良い | よい | [yóꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 良くない | よくない | [yóꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 良かった | よかった | [yóꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 良くなかった | よくなかった | [yóꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 良いです | よいです | [yóꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 良くて | よくて | [yóꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 良ければ | よければ | [yóꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
良い • (yoi) -i (adverbial 良く (yoku))
Usage notes
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 良かろ | よかろ | yokaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 良く | よく | yoku |
Terminal (終止形) | 良い | よい | yoi |
Attributive (連体形) | 良い | よい | yoi |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 良けれ | よけれ | yokere |
Imperative (命令形) | 良かれ | よかれ | yokare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 良くない | よくない | yoku nai |
Informal past | 良かった | よかった | yokatta |
Informal negative past | 良くなかった | よくなかった | yoku nakatta |
Formal | 良いです | よいです | yoi desu |
Formal negative | 良くないです | よくないです | yoku nai desu |
Formal past | 良かったです | よかったです | yokatta desu |
Formal negative past | 良くなかったです | よくなかったです | yoku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 良くて | よくて | yokute |
Conditional | 良ければ | よければ | yokereba |
Provisional | 良かったら | よかったら | yokattara |
Volitional | 良かろう | よかろう | yokarō |
Adverbial | 良く | よく | yoku |
Degree | 良さ | よさ | yosa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 良く[1] 良から[2] |
よく よから |
yoku yokara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 良く[1] 良かり[2] |
よく よかり |
yoku yokari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 良し | よし | yosi | |
Attributive (連体形) | 良き 良かる |
よき よかる |
yoki yokaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 良けれ | よけれ | yokere | |
Imperative (命令形) | 良かれ | よかれ | yokare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 良からず | よからず | yokarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 良けれど | よけれど | yokeredo | |
Causal conjunction | 良ければ | よければ | yokereba | |
Conditional conjunction | 良くば | よくば | yokuba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 良かりき | よかりき | yokariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 良かりけり | よかりけり | yokarikeri | |
Adverbial | 良く | よく | yoku | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Derived terms
- 頭が良い (atama ga yoi), 頭がよい (atama ga yoi): bright, intelligent
Suffix
良い or 良い • (yoi or suffix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|よい]]
Usage notes
- Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
- Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb. Example:
- 読み良い ― yomiyoi ― easy to read
- However, in modern Japanese, the adjective 安い, 易い (yasui, “easy, easygoing”) is more commonly used to express this meaning.
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
良 |
え Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Phonetic shift from the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese yoshi form of yoi above. Already in use as early as the Nihon Shoki, circa 720,[1][2][3] then becoming common in eastern Japanese from the Edo period.[2] This form is now obsolete, though it may still be found in some dialects.
/joɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /eɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /eki/ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /ei/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Adjective
良い • (ei) -i (adverbial 良く (eku))
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
良 |
い Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Phonetic shift from ei above. This is now the most common form used in casual spoken Japanese.[1][2][3]
/ei/ → /ii/
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 89: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "いい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | よく | よく | [yóꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | いい | いい | [íꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | いい | いい | [íꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | よくない | よくない | [yóꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | よかった | よかった | [yóꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | よくなかった | よくなかった | [yóꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | いいです | いいです | [íꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | よくて | よくて | [yóꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | よければ | よければ | [yóꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
良い • (ii) -i (adverbial 良く (yoku))
- (colloquial, informal) good
- (colloquial, predicative only) enough; not wanted any more.
- 酒はもういい
- sake wa mō ii
- I have had enough wine/I don't want any more wine.
- 酒はもういい
Usage notes
- Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
- The ii form does not inflect — it is only used in the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of ii. All other grammatical forms are based on the yoi form above. Compare the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or adverbial form”) yoku or the 過去形 (kakokei, “past tense”) yokatta: there is no *iku or *ikatta form.
- In ironic usages denoting "very bad; embarrassing", the ii form is preferred to the yoi form.
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | よかろ | yokaro | |
Continuative (連用形) | よく | yoku | |
Terminal (終止形) | いい | ii | |
Attributive (連体形) | いい | ii | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | よけれ | yokere | |
Imperative (命令形) | よかれ | yokare | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | よくない | yoku nai | |
Informal past | よかった | yokatta | |
Informal negative past | よくなかった | yoku nakatta | |
Formal | いいです | ii desu | |
Formal negative | よくないです | yoku nai desu | |
Formal past | よかったです | yokatta desu | |
Formal negative past | よくなかったです | yoku nakatta desu | |
Conjunctive | よくて | yokute | |
Conditional | よければ | yokereba | |
Provisional | よかったら | yokattara | |
Volitional | よかろう | yokarō | |
Adverbial | よく | yoku | |
Degree | よさ | yosa |
Derived terms
- 頭が良い (atama ga ii), 頭がいい (atama ga ii): bright, intelligent
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Japanese terms spelled with 良 read as よ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 良 read as え
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 良 read as い
- Japanese colloquialisms
- Japanese informal terms
- Japanese basic words