User:TheSilverWolf98/North Eurasian Trees

I have a deep interest in the names of things used throughout Northern Eurasia - especially the names of animals, small plants, and trees; and trying to work out their origins - I am particularly interested when I find a name that has an unknown, potentially substrate origin, such as Latin īlex or Romanian stejar. Here is my collection of different tree names.

Balto-Slavic

Alder

(1)

Latvian: alksnis
Lithuanian: al̃ksnis
Proto-Slavic: *elьxa
- Russian: ольха́ (olʹxá)
- Ukrainian: ві́льха (vílʹxa)
- Belarusian: во́льха (vólʹxa)
- Bulgarian: елха́ (elhá)

Elm

(1)

Latvian: goba
Lithuanian: guoba

(2)

Proto-Slavic: *bẽrstъ, *bȇrstъ
- Bulgarian: бряст (brjast)
- Belarusian: бе́раст (bjérast)
- Serbo-Croatian: brest
- Macedonian: брест (brest)
- Russian: бе́рест (bérest)
- Czech: břest
- Polish: brzost
- Slovak: brest
- Lower Sorbian: brěšć

(3)

Latvian: vīksna
Lithuanian: vìnkšna
Proto-Slavic: *vęzъ
- Polish: wiąz
- Upper Sorbian: wjaz
- Russian: вяз (vjaz)
- Belarusian: вяз (vjaz)

Juniper

(1)

Latvian: kadiķis
Lithuanian: kadagys

Linden

*léiˀpāˀ

Latvian: liepa
Lithuanian: líepa
Latgalian: līpa
Proto-Slavic: *lìpa

Maple

(1)

Latvian: kļava
Lithuanian: klevas
Latgalian: kļovs
Proto-Slavic: *klenъ

(2)

Proto-Slavic: *avorъ

Oak

(1)

Proto-Slavic: ?
- Bulgarian: горун (gorun)
- Serbo-Croatian: gorun

(2)

Proto-Slavic: ?
- Bulgarian: [script needed] (stožar)

Yew

(1)

Proto-Slavic: *tisъ
- Serbo-Croatian: tȉsa
- Slovene: tísa
- Old Church Slavonic: тиса (tisa)
- Russian: тис (tis)
- Bulgarian: тис (tis)
- Ukrainian: тис (tys)

(2)

Lithuanian: kukmedis

Celtic

Alder

*wernā

Gaulish: uerna
Proto-Brythonic: *gwern
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: ?
    - Welsh: gwern
- Old Cornish: guern
  - Middle Cornish: ?
    - Cornish: gwern
- Old Breton: guern
  - Middle Breton: guern
    - Breton: gwern
Old Irish: fern, fernóc
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: fearnóg
  - Scottish Gaelic: feàrna
  - Manx: farney

Elder

(1)

Proto-Brythonic: ?
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: ?
    - Welsh: ysgaw
- Old Cornish: ?
  - Middle Cornish: ?
    - Cornish: skaw
- Old Breton: ?
  - Middle Breton: scau
    - Breton: skav

(2)

Old Irish: trom
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: trom
  - Scottish Gaelic: droman
  - Manx: tramman

Elm

*lēmos

Proto-Brythonic: ?
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: ?
    - Welsh: llwyf
Old Irish: ?
- Middle Irish: lem, lemán
  - Irish: leamhán
  - Scottish Gaelic: leamhan
  - Manx: lhiouan

Hazel

*koslos

Proto-Brythonic: ?
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: ?
    - Welsh: cyll
Old Irish: coll
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: coll
  - Scottish Gaelic: calltainn
  - Manx: coull

Maple

(1)

Proto-Brythonic: ?
- Old Welsh: celin

Pine, Fir, Spruce

(1)

Old Irish: ?
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: giúis
  - Scottish Gaelic: giuthas
  - Manx: juys

Rowan

(1)

Proto-Brythonic: ?
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: ?
    - Welsh: cerddin
- Old Cornish: ?
  - Middle Cornish: ?
    - Cornish: kerden
- Old Breton: ?
  - Middle Breton: ?
    - Breton: kerzin
Old Irish: ?
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: caorthann
  - Scottish Gaelic: caorann

Yew

*iwos

Proto-Brythonic: *ɨwī
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: ?
    - Welsh: yw
- Old Cornish: hiuin
- Old Breton: ?
  - Middle Breton: ?
    - Breton: iwin
Old Irish: eó
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: eo

*eburos

Proto-Brythonic: *eβor
- Old Welsh: ?
  - Middle Welsh: efwr
- Old Breton: ?
  - Middle Breton: euor
    - Breton: evor
Old Irish: ibar
- Middle Irish: ?
  - Irish: iúr
  - Scottish Gaelic: iubhar

Finnic

Alder

*leppä

Finnish: leppä
Estonian: lepp

Ash

*saarni

Finnish: saarni
Estonian: saar

Birch

*koivu

From Proto-Uralic *kojwa.

Finnish: koivu
Estonian: kõiv

Elder

(1)

Finnish: selja

Elm

*jalaga

Estonian: jalakas
Finnish: jalava

Juniper

*kataga

Finnish: kataja
Estonian: kadakas

Linden

*lehmus

*niimi

*pähnä

From Proto-Uralic *päkšnä, likely a substrate loanword. Cognate with Proto-Mari *pištə.

Finnish: pärnä
Estonian: pärn
Võro: pähn

Maple

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *wakštera, likely a substrate loanword.

Estonian: vaher
Finnish: vaahtera

Oak

*tammi

From Proto-Uralic *tamme.

Finnish: tammi
Estonian: tamm

Pine, Fir, Spruce

*honka

Finnish: honka
Estonian: hong

*petägä

From Proto-Uralic *pečä, cognate with Proto-Samic *peacē.

Finnish: petäjä
Livonian: piedāg

Rowan

pihlaga ~ pihlä

From Proto-Uralic *piślä ~ *pićlä, cognate with Proto-Mari *pĭćlə.

Finnish: pihlaja
Estonian: pihlakas

Willow

*paju

Finnish: paju

*salaga

Finnish: salava

Germanic

Blackthorn

*slaihwō

Dwarf Birch

*hrīsą

Elder

*el(d)ernaz

*fleuþra-

*hulandra-

*hullja-

Elm

(1)

Old English: wice
- English: wych

*elmaz

Hawthorn

*haguþurnuz

Hazel

*hasalaz

Unknown, cognate with Proto-Celtic *koslos.

Holly

*hulba-

Old Norse: hulfr
- Icelandic: húlfur
- Danish: hylver

*hulena-

*hulisaz

Unknown, cognate with Proto-Celtic *kolinnos, Proto-Slavic *kȏlsъ, Proto-Albanian *kalsa."

*hulis(j)ōn-

Juniper

*ainjaz

Linden

*lindō

Unknown origin.

Old English: lind
- Middle English: ?
  - English: linden
Old High German: linta
- Middle High German: linde
  - German: Linde
  - Luxembourgish: Lann

Maple

*ahurnaz

Unknown, cognate with Proto-Slavic *avorъ.

Old High German: ahorn
Old Norse: ?
- Danish: ær

*hluniz

Unknown, cognate with Proto-Slavic *klȅnъ.

Old English: hlyn
Old Saxon: ?
- Middle Low German: ?
  - Low German:
Old Norse: hlynr
- Icelandic: hlynur
- Faroese: lynur

*mapulaz

*masuraz

Mistletoe

*mihstilaz

Oak

*aiks

*ferhuz

From PIE *pérkʷus, from PIE *perkʷ- "oak", cognate with Proto-Celtic *kʷerkʷus, Proto-Italic *kʷerkʷus.

Pine, Fir, Spruce

*dannǭ

*fiuhtijǭ‎

From PIE *pewḱtih₂, from PIE *pewḱ- "pine", cognate with Proto-Celtic *ɸuxtākā.

*furhō

From PIE *pr̥kʷéh₂, from PIE *perkʷ- "oak".

*granō

Old Norse: grǫn
- Icelandic: grön

*kiznaz

Unknown, compare Scottish Gaelic giuthas.

Old English: cēn
Old High German: kien
- Middle High German: kien
  - German: Kien

*sparrô

*terwja-

*terwjan-

Rowan

(1)

Old Norse: reynir
- Icelandic: reynir
- Norwegian: raun
- Swedish: rönn
- Danish: røn

(2)

From PIE *h₁ebʰros, cognate with Proto-Celtic *eburos, Proto-Albanian *eburusa.

Old High German: ?
- Middle High German: ?
  - German: Eberesche

Willow

(1)

Old Norse: ?
- Icelandic: píll, pílviður
- Faroese: pílur
- Danish: pil

*felwō-

*salhijǭ

*salhô

*wiligaz

*wiligjǭ

*wīþijō

Yew

īhwaz ~ īwō

From PIE *h₁eyHweh₂, cognate with Proto-Celtic *iwos, Proto-Slavic *jь̀va.

Mari

Alder

*lül

Borrowed from Proto-Permic *lȯl.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Volga Mari: nölpö
Upsha Mari: lölpö
Northwest Mari: lülpü̆
Western Mari: [script needed] (lülpə)

Bird Cherry

*lombə

From Proto-Uralic *d'ëme.

Elm

(1)

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.

Linden

*pistə

From Proto-Uralic *päkšnä, likely a substrate loanword. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *pähnä.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Volga Mari: piste
Upsha Mari: pištə
Northwest Mari: pištə
Western Mari: [script needed] (pištə)

Maple

*waštar

From Proto-Uralic *wakštera.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.

Oak

*tumə

From Proto-Uralic *tamme.

Pine

*pü̆nčə

From Proto-Uralic *pe(n)čä.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Birsk Mari: püńčö
Kaltasy Mari: püńčö
Krasnoufimsk Mari: püńčö
Western Mari: [script needed] (pü̆nčü)

Poplar

*oškə

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Western Mari: [script needed] (oškə̑)

Rowan

*pĭćlə

From Proto-Uralic *piślä ~ *pićlä, cognate with Proto-Finnic *pihlä.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.

Silver Fir

*nŭlgə

Eastern Mari Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.

Spruce

*koz

From Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Western Mari: [script needed] (kož)

Willow

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *särnä.

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Bolshoj Kil'mez Mari: šartńi
Volga Mari: šertńe
Upsha Mari: šertńə
Northwest Mari: šerńə
Western Mari: шӓртньы (šärtńi)

*šaraŋgə

Eastern Mari: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "chm" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Bolshoj Kil'mez Mari: šaraŋgi
Upsha Mari: šoraŋgə
Northwest Mari: šaraŋgə̑
Western Mari: [script needed] (šaraŋgə̑)

Mordvinic

Alder

(1)

Erzya: [script needed] (lepe)
Moksha: [script needed] (lepe)

Linden

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *päkšnä, likely a substrate loanword.

Erzya: [script needed] (pekše)
Moksha: [script needed] (päšä)

Pine, Fir, Spruce

(1)

Erzya: пиче (piče)

(2)

From Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Erzya: [script needed] (kuz)
Moksha: [script needed] (kuz)

Rowan

(1)

Erzya: пизёл (piźol)

Permic

Alder

*lȯl

Birch

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *kuće.

Komi-Zyrian: кыдз (kydź)
Udmurt: кыӟпу (kydźpu)

Bird Cherry

*l'e̮m

From Proto-Uralic *d'ëme.

Cedar

*sosi̮

From Proto-Uralic *sëksa.

Proto-Komi: *sus
Proto-Udmurt: *susi̮

Linden

(1)

Proto-Komi: *beriś
Proto-Udmurt: *beriź

Pine, Fir, Spruce

(1)

Komi-Zyrian: пожӧм (požöm)

*kuz

From Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Proto-Komi: *kwe̮z
- Komi-Zyrian: [script needed] (koz)
Proto-Udmurt: *ki̮z
- Udmurt: [script needed] (ki̮z)

Rowan

(1)

Komi-Zyrian: пелысь (pelyś)
Udmurt: палэзь (paleź)

Willow

(1)

Komi-Permyak: бадь (baď)
Komi-Zyrian: бадь (baď)
Udmurt: бадь (baď)

Samic

Alder

*leajpē

Northern Sami: leaibi

Aspen

*supē

Northern Sami: suhpi

Birch

*soakē

Northern Sami: soahki

Bird Cherry

*δuomë

From Proto-Uralic *d'ëme.

Northern Sami: duopma

Pine

From Proto-Uralic *pe(n)čä.

*peacē

Northern Sami: beahci
Inari Sami: peeci

Spruce

*kuosë

From Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Northern Sami: guossa

Willow

*sieδkë

Northern Sami: sieđga

Tungusic

Aspen

*pụlị

Evenki: хула (hula)
Udihe: хулу (xulu)
Ulch: пули (puli)

Birch

(1)

Orok: талу (talu)

(2)

Negidal: дивэгдэ (diwəgdə)
Oroch: дуоктэ (duoktə)
Udihe: дуэктэ (duəktə)
Nanai: дивэгдэ (diwəgdə)
Orok: дувэтэ (duwətə)
Ulch: дивэгдэ (diwəgdə)

*čālban

Evenki: ча̄лбан (çālban)
Oroqen: tʃa꞉lban
Solon: qaalbang

Bird Cherry

(1)

Udihe: иӈофо (iŋofo)

(2)

Udihe: чуʼаи (ču'ai)

(3)

Evenki: инӈэктэмкӯрэ̄ (inŋəktəmkūrə̄)
Orok: синэктэ (sinəktə)

Cedar

(1)

Udihe: куӈка (kuŋka)

Elder

(1)

Evenki: дяланкакта (ʒalankakta)

Elm

(1)

Evenki: хайласун (hajlasun)

(2)

Oroqen: kayila꞉kun

(3)

Evenki: лакамавун (lakamawun)

Hazel

(1)

Evenki: болгиг (bolgig)

(2)

Evenki: тактыка̄г (taktikāg)

(3)

Oroqen: olkok

Linden

(1)

Udihe: эигдэ (əigdə)

Maple

(1)

Udihe: могдохоли (mogdoxoli)
Nanai: мокчохали (mokčoxali)

(2)

Evenki: ачакта (açakta)
Negidal: ачакта (ačakta)

(3)

Nanai: гинэлэ̄н (ginələ̄n)

(4)

Nanai: бултухэ (bultuxə)

*monon

Evenki: монон (monon)
Negidal: монон (monon)
Oroch: моно (mono)
Udihe: моно (mono)
Nanai: монон (monon)
Ulch: моно (mono)

Oak

(1)

Udihe: олоӈко (oloŋkö)

(2)

Evenki: чагамкура̄ (çagamkurā)

(3)

Oroqen: tɪbgʊra

Pine, Fir, Spruce

(1)

Oroch: кополокто (kopolokto)
Udihe: кофолокто (kofolokto)

*ŋāŋta

Evenki: ӈа̄ӈта (ŋāŋta)
Negidal: ӈа̄ӈта (ŋāŋta)
Udihe: ӈаӈта (ŋaŋta)
Nanai: ваӈта (waŋta)
Orok: ваӈта (waŋta)
Ulch: ваӈта (waŋta)
Manchu: [script needed] (wantaha)

*xasị̄kta

Evenki: асӣкта (asīkta)
Udihe: аикта (aikta), ахикта (axikta)
Nanai: хасэкта (xasəkta)
Orok: хаси̇кта (xasịkta)
Ulch: хаста (xasta)

*ʒagda

Evenki: дягда (ʒagda)
Negidal: [script needed] (ʒagda)
Oroqen: dʒagda
Nanai: [script needed] (ʒāgda)
Ulch: [script needed] (ʒagda)

Tree (Unknown Species; General)

(1)

Negidal: мо̄ (mō)
Udihe: мо̄ (mō)
Ulch: мо̄ (mō)

(2)

Nanai: пиа (pia)
Orok: пе̄ (pē)

Willow

(1)

Evenki: секта (sekta)
Udihe: сакта (sakta)

(2)

Ulch: туӈгдэ (tuŋgdə)

Ugric

Alder

(1)

Hungarian: éger

Birch

(1)

Hungarian: nyír

Bird Cherry

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *d'ëme.

Proto-Khanty: *jɔ̄m
Proto-Mansi: *l'ī̮mɜ

Cedar

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *sëksa.

Proto-Khanty: *ļī̮ɣəl
Proto-Mansi: *tī̮ɣət

Elm

(1)

Hungarian: szil

Linden

(1)

Hungarian: hárs

Privet

(1)

Hungarian: fagyal

Rowan

(1)

Proto-Khanty: ?
- Khanty: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 376: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "kca" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.

Spruce

(1)

From Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Proto-Khanty: *kal
Proto-Mansi: *kaɣtɜ

User:TheSilverWolf98/North Eurasian Trees

Balto-Slavic

Alder

(1)

Elm

(1)

(2)

(3)

Juniper

(1)

Linden

*léiˀpāˀ

Maple

(1)

(2)

Oak

(1)

(2)

Yew

(1)

(2)

Celtic

Alder

*wernā

Elder

(1)

(2)

Elm

*lēmos

Hazel

*koslos

Maple

(1)

Pine, Fir, Spruce

(1)

Rowan

(1)

Yew

*iwos

*eburos

Finnic

Alder

*leppä

Ash

*saarni

Birch

*koivu

Elder

(1)

Elm

*jalaga

Juniper

*kataga

Linden

*lehmus

*niimi

*pähnä

Maple

(1)

Oak

*tammi

Pine, Fir, Spruce

*honka

*petägä

Rowan

*pihlaga ~ *pihlä

Willow

*paju

*salaga

Germanic

Blackthorn

*slaihwō

Dwarf Birch

*hrīsą

Elder

*el(d)ernaz

*fleuþra-

*hulandra-

*hullja-

Elm

pihlaga ~ pihlä

īhwaz ~ īwō