barbar

See also: Barbar, barbár, and bàrbar

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [bərˈba]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [baɾˈbaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Homophone: barbà

Verb

barbar (first-person singular present barbo, first-person singular preterite barbí, past participle barbat)

1. to beard (to grow hair on the chin and jaw)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of barbar (first conjugation)

infinitive			barbar
gerund			barbant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		barbat		barbada
		plural		barbats		barbades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	barbo	barbes	barba	barbem	barbeu	barben
	imperfect	barbava	barbaves	barbava	barbàvem	barbàveu	barbaven
	future	barbaré	barbaràs	barbarà	barbarem	barbareu	barbaran
	preterite	barbí	barbares	barbà	barbàrem	barbàreu	barbaren
	conditional	barbaria	barbaries	barbaria	barbaríem	barbaríeu	barbarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	barbi	barbis	barbi	barbem	barbeu	barbin
	imperfect	barbés	barbessis	barbés	barbéssim	barbéssiu	barbessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	barba	barbi	barbem	barbeu	barbin
	negative (no)	—	no barbis	no barbi	no barbem	no barbeu	no barbin

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbarbar]

Noun

barbar m anim

1. barbarian
2. philistine (uncultured person)

Declension

Declension of barbar (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	barbar	barbaři
genitive	barbara	barbarů
dative	barbarovi, barbaru	barbarům
accusative	barbara	barbary
vocative	barbare	barbaři
locative	barbarovi, barbaru	barbarech
instrumental	barbarem	barbary

Related terms

• barbarsky
• barbarský

Danish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barbaːr/, [b̥ɑˈb̥ɑːˀ]

Noun

barbar c (singular definite barbaren, plural indefinite barbarer)

1. barbarian (an uncivilized person)

Declension

Declension of barbar

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barbar	barbaren	barbarer	barbarerne
genitive	barbars	barbarens	barbarers	barbarernes

Derived terms

• barbarisk

References

• “barbar” in Den Danske Ordbog

Estonian

Noun

barbar (genitive barbari, partitive barbarit)

1. barbarian

Declension

Declension of barbar (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		barbar	barbarid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	barbari
genitive			barbarite
partitive		barbarit	barbareid
illative		barbarisse	barbaritesse barbareisse
inessive		barbaris	barbarites barbareis
elative		barbarist	barbaritest barbareist
allative		barbarile	barbaritele barbareile
adessive		barbaril	barbaritel barbareil
ablative		barbarilt	barbaritelt barbareilt
translative		barbariks	barbariteks barbareiks
terminative		barbarini	barbariteni
essive		barbarina	barbaritena
abessive		barbarita	barbariteta
comitative		barbariga	barbaritega

Further reading

• barbar in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch barbaar, from Middle Dutch barbaer, from barbarien, from Old French barbare, from Latin barbarus, from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros). Cognate of Arabic بَرْبَر (barbar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbarbar]
• Hyphenation: bar‧bar

Adjective

barbar (comparative lebih barbar, superlative paling barbar)

1. barbaric, uncivilized, uncultured or uncouth

Noun

barbar (plural barbar-barbar)

1. barbarian

Related terms

• barbarisme

Further reading

• “barbar”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, non-Greek, strange”).

Noun

barbar m (definite singular barbaren, indefinite plural barbarer, definite plural barbarene)

1. a barbarian

Derived terms

• barbarisk

References

• “barbar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, non-Greek, strange”).

Noun

barbar m (definite singular barbaren, indefinite plural barbarar, definite plural barbarane)

1. a barbarian

Derived terms

• barbarisk

References

• “barbar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French barbare. Doublet of varvar.

Noun

barbar m (plural barbari, feminine equivalent barbară)

1. barbarian

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	barbar	barbarul	barbari	barbarii
genitive-dative	barbar	barbarului	barbari	barbarilor
vocative	barbarule		barbarilor

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• bȁrbarin (Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro)
• varvarin (Bosnia, Serbia)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bǎrbar/
• Hyphenation: bar‧bar

Noun

bàrbar m anim (Cyrillic spelling ба̀рбар)

1. barbarian

Declension

Declension of barbar

	singular	plural
nominative	barbar	barbari
genitive	barbara	barbara
dative	barbaru	barbarima
accusative	barbara	barbare
vocative	barbare	barbari
locative	barbaru	barbarima
instrumental	barbarom	barbarima

References

• “barbar”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From barba +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baɾˈbaɾ/ [baɾˈβ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: bar‧bar

Verb

barbar (first-person singular present barbo, first-person singular preterite barbé, past participle barbado)

1. (intransitive) to beard (to grow hair on the chin and jaw)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of barbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			barbar
gerund			barbando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		barbado		barbada
		plural		barbados		barbadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	barbo	barbastú barbásvos	barba	barbamos	barbáis	barban
	imperfect	barbaba	barbabas	barbaba	barbábamos	barbabais	barbaban
	preterite	barbé	barbaste	barbó	barbamos	barbasteis	barbaron
	future	barbaré	barbarás	barbará	barbaremos	barbaréis	barbarán
	conditional	barbaría	barbarías	barbaría	barbaríamos	barbaríais	barbarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	barbe	barbestú barbésvos2	barbe	barbemos	barbéis	barben
	imperfect (ra)	barbara	barbaras	barbara	barbáramos	barbarais	barbaran
	imperfect (se)	barbase	barbases	barbase	barbásemos	barbaseis	barbasen
	future1	barbare	barbares	barbare	barbáremos	barbareis	barbaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		barbatú barbávos	barbe	barbemos	barbad	barben
	negative		no barbes	no barbe	no barbemos	no barbéis	no barben

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

• “barbar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swedish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros).

Noun

barbar c

1. barbarian (an uncivilized person)

Declension

Declension of barbar

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	barbar	barbars
	definite	barbaren	barbarens
plural	indefinite	barbarer	barbarers
	definite	barbarerna	barbarernas

Related terms

• barbarisk

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from French barbare, from Medieval Latin barbarinus (“Berber, pagan, Saracen, barbarian”), from Latin barbaria (“foreign country”), from barbarus (“foreigner, savage”), from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, non-Greek, strange”), possibly onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baɾˈbaɾ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

barbar

1. barbarian (uncivilized)

Declension

Predicative forms of barbar

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	barbarım	barbar mıyım?
sen (you are)	barbarsın	barbar mısın?
o (he/she/it is)	barbar / barbardır	barbar mı?
biz (we are)	barbarız	barbar mıyız?
siz (you are)	barbarsınız	barbar mısınız?
onlar (they are)	barbar(lar)	barbar(lar) mı?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	barbardım	barbar mıydım?
sen (you were)	barbardın	barbar mıydın?
o (he/she/it was)	barbardı	barbar mıydı?
biz (we were)	barbardık	barbar mıydık?
siz (you were)	barbardınız	barbar mıydınız?
onlar (they were)	barbardılar	barbar mıydılar?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	barbarmışım	barbar mıymışım?
sen (you were)	barbarmışsın	barbar mıymışsın?
o (he/she/it was)	barbarmış	barbar mıymış?
biz (we were)	barbarmışız	barbar mıymışız?
siz (you were)	barbarmışsınız	barbar mıymışsınız?
onlar (they were)	barbarmışlar	barbar mıymışlar?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	barbarsam	barbar mıysam?
sen (if you)	barbarsan	barbar mıysan?
o (if he/she/it)	barbarsa	barbar mıysa?
biz (if we)	barbarsak	barbar mıysak?
siz (if you)	barbarsanız	barbar mıysanız?
onlar (if they)	barbarsalar	barbar mıysalar?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.