calamitas

Latin

Etymology

From unattested *calamis ("damaged") +‎ -tās from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂emi- from *kelh₂- (“to beat”). Compare the negated incolumis from Proto-Italic *enkalamis, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥kl̥h₂emi-. Cognate with clādēs, Proto-Celtic *klamitos and others. An old form by l-d-alternation is Old Latin kadamitās.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kaˈɫa.mɪ.taːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kaˈlaː.mi.tas]

Noun

calamitās f (genitive calamitātis); third declension

1. loss, damage, harm

   Synonyms: damnum, dētrīmentum, incommoditās, iniūria, vulnus, noxa, maleficium, pauperiēs, fraus, āmissiō

   Antonyms: beneficium, favor

2. misfortune, calamity, disaster

   Synonyms: plāga, miseria, incommodum, dētrīmentum, clādēs, perniciēs, exitium, incommoditās, interitus, īnfortūnium, cruciātus, cāsus, malum

   Antonyms: commodum, commoditās

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.11:

     […] dēnique, quotiēnscumque mē petīstī, per mē tibi obstitī, quamquam vidēbam perniciem meam cum magnā calamitāte reī pūblicae esse coniūnctam.

     In short, as often as you attacked me, I opposed you by my own efforts, although I saw that my ruin was connected with great disaster for the Republic.

3. military defeat

   Synonyms: clādēs, incommodum, dētrīmentum, vulnus

   Antonym: victōria

4. blight, crop failure

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	calamitās	calamitātēs
genitive	calamitātis	calamitātum
dative	calamitātī	calamitātibus
accusative	calamitātem	calamitātēs
ablative	calamitāte	calamitātibus
vocative	calamitās	calamitātēs

Derived terms

• calamitōsus

Descendants

• Aragonese: calamidat
• Asturian: calamidá
• Catalan: calamitat
• Emilian: calamitè
• English: calamity
• French: calamité
• Friulian: calamitât
• Galician: calamidade
• → German: Kalamität
• Italian: calamità
• Ladin: calamità
• Occitan: calamitat
• Piedmontese: calamità
• Portuguese: calamidade
• Romanian: calamitate
• Sardinian: calàma
• Spanish: calamidad (see there for further descendants)

References

• “calamitas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “calamitas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “calamitas”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be overtaken by calamity: in calamitatem incidere
    
  • to suffer mishap: calamitatem accipere, subire
    
  • to live a life free from all misfortune: nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre
    
  • to drain the cup of sorrow.[1: calamitatem haurire
    
  • to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui
    
  • to be the victim of misfortune: calamitatibus affligi
    
  • to be overwhelmed with misfortune: calamitatibus obrui
    
  • to come to the end of one's troubles: calamitatibus defungi
    
  • schooled by adversity: calamitate doctus
    

Spanish

Noun

calamitas f pl

1. plural of calamita